HAVCR2

Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2
Identifiers
Symbols	HAVCR2; FLJ14428; KIM-3; TIM3; TIMD3; Tim-3
External IDs	OMIM: 606652 HomoloGene: 87084 GeneCards: HAVCR2 Gene
Gene Ontology Cellular component • membrane • integral to membrane Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	84868	n/a
Ensembl	ENSG00000135077	n/a
UniProt	Q8TDQ0	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_032782	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	NP_116171	n/a
Location (UCSC)	Chr 5: 156.51 – 156.57 Mb	n/a
PubMed search	[1]	n/a

Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAVCR2 gene.

CD4 (MIM 186940)-positive T helper lymphocytes can be divided into types 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2) on the basis of their cytokine secretion patterns. Th1 cells and their associated cytokines are involved in cell-mediated immunity to intracellular pathogens and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, whereas Th2 cells are involved in the control of extracellular helminthic infections and the promotion of atopic and allergic diseases. The 2 types of cells also cross-regulate the functions of the other. TIM3 is a Th1-specific cell surface protein that regulates macrophage activation and enhances the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice.[supplied by OMIM]

Further reading

• Anderson DE (2007). "TIM-3 as a therapeutic target in human inflammatory diseases". Expert Opin. Ther. Targets 11 (8): 1005–9. doi:10.1517/14728222.11.8.1005. PMID 17665973. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH et al (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Sánchez-Fueyo A, Tian J, Picarella D et al (2003). "Tim-3 inhibits T helper type 1-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses and promotes immunological tolerance". Nat. Immunol. 4 (11): 1093–101. doi:10.1038/ni987. PMID 14556005. 
• Sabatos CA, Chakravarti S, Cha E et al (2003). "Interaction of Tim-3 and Tim-3 ligand regulates T helper type 1 responses and induction of peripheral tolerance". Nat. Immunol. 4 (11): 1102–10. doi:10.1038/ni988. PMID 14556006. 
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T et al (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039. 
• Khademi M, Illés Z, Gielen AW et al (2004). "T Cell Ig- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (TIM-3) and TIM-1 molecules are differentially expressed on human Th1 and Th2 cells and in cerebrospinal fluid-derived mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis". J. Immunol. 172 (11): 7169–76. PMID 15153541. 
• Chae SC, Park YR, Shim SC et al (2005). "The polymorphisms of Th1 cell surface gene Tim-3 are associated in a Korean population with rheumatoid arthritis". Immunol. Lett. 95 (1): 91–5. doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2004.06.008. PMID 15325803. 
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA et al (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928. 
• Chae SC, Park YR, Lee YC et al (2005). "The association of TIM-3 gene polymorphism with atopic disease in Korean population". Hum. Immunol. 65 (12): 1427–31. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2004.07.002. PMID 15603868. 
• Zhu C, Anderson AC, Schubart A et al (2006). "The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity". Nat. Immunol. 6 (12): 1245–52. doi:10.1038/ni1271. PMID 16286920. 
• Sui L, Zhang W, Chen Y et al (2006). "Human membrane protein Tim-3 facilitates hepatitis A virus entry into target cells". Int. J. Mol. Med. 17 (6): 1093–9. PMID 16685421. 
• Koguchi K, Anderson DE, Yang L et al (2006). "Dysregulated T cell expression of TIM3 in multiple sclerosis". J. Exp. Med. 203 (6): 1413–8. doi:10.1084/jem.20060210. PMC 2118310. PMID 16754722. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2118310. 
• van de Weyer PS (2007). "A highly conserved tyrosine of Tim-3 is phosphorylated upon stimulation by its ligand galectin-9". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 351 (2): 571–6. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.079. PMID 17069754. 
• Wiener Z, Kohalmi B, Pocza P et al (2007). "TIM-3 is expressed in melanoma cells and is upregulated in TGF-beta stimulated mast cells". J. Invest. Dermatol. 127 (4): 906–14. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700616. PMID 17096021. 
• Renesto PG, Ponciano VC, Cenedeze MA et al (2007). "High expression of Tim-3 mRNA in urinary cells from kidney transplant recipients with acute rejection". Am. J. Transplant. 7 (6): 1661–5. doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01795.x. PMID 17430399. 
• Anderson AC, Anderson DE, Bregoli L et al (2007). "Promotion of tissue inflammation by the immune receptor Tim-3 expressed on innate immune cells". Science 318 (5853): 1141–3. doi:10.1126/science.1148536. PMID 18006747.