HIST2H4A

Histone cluster 2, H4a
PDB rendering based on 1aoi.
Available structures PDB 2BQZ, 2CV5, 2RNY, 3A6N, 3AFA, 3CFS, 3CFV, 3F9W, 3F9X, 3F9Y, 3F9Z, 3NQJ, 3NQU
Identifiers
Symbols	HIST2H4A; FO108; H4; H4/n; H4F2; H4FN; HIST1H4A; HIST1H4B; HIST1H4C; HIST1H4D; HIST1H4E; HIST1H4F; HIST1H4H; HIST1H4I; HIST1H4J; HIST1H4K; HIST1H4L; HIST2H4; HIST2H4B; HIST4H4
External IDs	OMIM: 142750 MGI: 2448443 HomoloGene: 111038 GeneCards: HIST2H4A Gene
Gene Ontology Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	8370	320332
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	P62805	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	XM_001124639	NM_175652
RefSeq (protein)	XP_001124639	NP_783583
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Histone H4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIST2H4A gene.

Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. This structure consists of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome, an octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H4 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails; instead, they contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in a histone cluster on chromosome 1. This gene is one of four histone genes in the cluster that are duplicated; this record represents the centromeric copy.

Further reading

• Green L, Van Antwerpen R, Stein J, et al. (1984). "A major human histone gene cluster on the long arm of chromosome 1". Science 226 (4676): 838–40. doi:10.1126/science.6494913. PMID 6494913. 
• Pelicci G, Lanfrancone L, Salcini AE, et al. (1995). "Constitutive phosphorylation of Shc proteins in human tumors". Oncogene 11 (5): 899–907. PMID 7675449. 
• Díaz-Jullien C, Pérez-Estévez A, Covelo G, Freire M (1996). "Prothymosin alpha binds histones in vitro and shows activity in nucleosome assembly assay". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1296 (2): 219–27. doi:10.1016/0167-4838(96)00072-6. PMID 8814229. 
• Rodriguez P, Munroe D, Prawitt D, et al. (1997). "Functional characterization of human nucleosome assembly protein-2 (NAP1L4) suggests a role as a histone chaperone". Genomics 44 (3): 253–65. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4868. PMID 9325046. 
• Albig W, Doenecke D (1998). "The human histone gene cluster at the D6S105 locus". Hum. Genet. 101 (3): 284–94. doi:10.1007/s004390050630. PMID 9439656. 
• El Kharroubi A, Piras G, Zensen R, Martin MA (1998). "Transcriptional activation of the integrated chromatin-associated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter". Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (5): 2535–44. PMC 110633. PMID 9566873. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=110633. 
• Kimura A, Horikoshi M (1999). "Tip60 acetylates six lysines of a specific class in core histones in vitro". Genes Cells 3 (12): 789–800. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.1998.00229.x. PMID 10096020. 
• Deng L, de la Fuente C, Fu P, et al. (2001). "Acetylation of HIV-1 Tat by CBP/P300 increases transcription of integrated HIV-1 genome and enhances binding to core histones". Virology 277 (2): 278–95. doi:10.1006/viro.2000.0593. PMID 11080476. 
• Seo SB, McNamara P, Heo S, et al. (2001). "Regulation of histone acetylation and transcription by INHAT, a human cellular complex containing the set oncoprotein". Cell 104 (1): 119–30. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00196-9. PMID 11163245. 
• Deng L, Wang D, de la Fuente C, et al. (2001). "Enhancement of the p300 HAT activity by HIV-1 Tat on chromatin DNA". Virology 289 (2): 312–26. doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1129. PMID 11689053. 
• Andersen JS, Lyon CE, Fox AH, et al. (2002). "Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus". Curr. Biol. 12 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00650-9. PMID 11790298. 
• Weinmann AS, Yan PS, Oberley MJ, et al. (2002). "Isolating human transcription factor targets by coupling chromatin immunoprecipitation and CpG island microarray analysis". Genes Dev. 16 (2): 235–44. doi:10.1101/gad.943102. PMC 155318. PMID 11799066. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=155318. 
• Marzluff WF, Gongidi P, Woods KR, et al. (2003). "The human and mouse replication-dependent histone genes". Genomics 80 (5): 487–98. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(02)96850-3. PMID 12408966. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Hovhannisyan H, Cho B, Mitra P, et al. (2003). "Maintenance of open chromatin and selective genomic occupancy at the cell cycle-regulated histone H4 promoter during differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (4): 1460–9. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.4.1460-1469.2003. PMC 141140. PMID 12556504. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=141140. 
• Yoon HG, Chan DW, Huang ZQ, et al. (2003). "Purification and functional characterization of the human N-CoR complex: the roles of HDAC3, TBL1 and TBLR1". EMBO J. 22 (6): 1336–46. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg120. PMC 151047. PMID 12628926. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=151047. 
• Pivot-Pajot C, Caron C, Govin J, et al. (2003). "Acetylation-dependent chromatin reorganization by BRDT, a testis-specific bromodomain-containing protein". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (15): 5354–65. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.15.5354-5365.2003. PMC 165724. PMID 12861021. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=165724. 
• Coleman MA, Miller KA, Beernink PT, et al. (2004). "Identification of chromatin-related protein interactions using protein microarrays". Proteomics 3 (11): 2101–7. doi:10.1002/pmic.200300593. PMID 14595808.