Hani people
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| An ethnic Hani girl with a typical Hani headgear for children. Near Yuanyang, Yunnan Province, China. |
| Total population |
|---|
| 1.5 million (est.) |
| Regions with significant populations |
| China: Yunnan, |
| Languages |
| Religion |
| Related ethnic groups |
The Hani people (Hani: Haqniq; Chinese: 哈尼族; pinyin: Hānízú; Vietnamese: Người Hà Nhì) are an ethnic group. They form one of the 56 nationalities officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They also form one of the 54 officially recognized ethnic groups of Vietnam. There are 12,500 Hanis living in the Lai Chau and Lao Cai provinces of Vietnam.
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Distribution [edit]
Over ninety percent of the Hani live in the southwestern Chinese province of Yunnan, scattered across the Ailao Mountains between the Mekong River and the Red River (Yuanjiang).
Hani autonomous subdivisions of China are as follows.
- Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County, Yuxi
- Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County, Pu'er
- Mojiang Hani Autonomous County, Pu'er
- Zhenyuan Yi, Hani and Lahu Autonomous County, Pu'er
- Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County, Pu'er
- Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture
Origins [edit]
The origins of the Hani are not precisely known, though their ancestors, the ancient Qiang tribe, are believed to have migrated southward from the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau prior to the third century AD.
The Hani oral traditions state that they are descended from the Yi people, and that they split off as a separate tribe fifty generations ago. One of their oral traditions is the recital of the names of Hani ancestors from the first Hani family down to oneself.
Religion [edit]
The Hani are polytheists and they profess a special adoration toward the spirits of their ancestors. They are used to practicing rituals to venerate to the different gods and thus to obtain their protection.
The religious hierarchy of the Hani is divided into three main personages: the zuima that directs the main celebrations; the beima, responsible for practicing the exorcisms and the magical rituals; the nima that takes charge of carrying out predictions and to administer the medicinal herbs. This last charge can be performed indistinctly by men and women. Some Hani also profess Theravada Buddhism.
Culture [edit]
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The dwellings of the Hani are usually two or three stories high, built with bamboo, mud, stone and wood.
The traditional clothing of the Hani is used made out of dark blue fabric. The men dress in short jackets and in long wide pants. They also wear turbans which are white or black. The women dress depending on which clan they belong to. There is no gender difference in the clothing of children under the age of seven.
They play a wind instrument called the ebi (俄比).
Part of thousand years old culture are terraced fields.
Language [edit]
The Hani language spoken by many of the Hani is of the Yi branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Oral tradition tells of an ancient written script, tradition says it was lost on the migration from Sichuan. They now use a romanization of the Luchun dialect as a written script.
See also [edit]
- Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture
- Yuanyang County, Yunnan, with its Hani majority and immense rice terraced mountains
- Akha people, a closely related people who have spread out from Yunnan province in to Burma, Vietnam, Laos and Thailand. The Akha that still live in China are seen as part of the Hani people.[1]
References [edit]
External links [edit]
Media related to Hani at Wikimedia Commons
- Photographs of the Hani of Yuanyang County, Yunnan
- Hani gallery
- The Hani ethnic minority on China.org.cn (Chinese government site)
- Asia harvest ethnic profile
- ハニ和辞典 (Hani-Japanese glossary)
- UNESCO about terrace fields
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