Hans Chiari
| Hans Chiari | |
|---|---|
 Hans Chiari |
|
| Born | September 4, 1851 Vienna |
| Died | May 6, 1916 Strasbourg |
| Nationality | Austrian |
| Fields | pathologist |
| Known for | Arnold-Chiari malformation |
| Influences | Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky Richard Ladislaus Heschl |
Hans Chiari (September 4, 1851 − May 6, 1916) was an Austrian pathologist who was a native of Vienna. He was the son of gynecologist Johann Baptist Chiari (1817-1854), and brother to rhinolaryngologist Ottokar Chiari (1853-1918).
Chiari studied medicine in Vienna, where he was an assistant to Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky (1804-1878) and Richard Ladislaus Heschl (1824-1881). In 1878 he received his habilitation in pathological anatomy, and within a few years became an associate professor at the University of Prague. At Prague he was also superintendent of the pathological-anatomical museum. In 1906 he relocated to the University of Strasbourg as a professor of pathological anatomy.
Chiari's research dealt largely with postmortem examinations, and most of his numerous writings are the result of autopsies. In 1891 he described a brain malformation that is characterized by abnormalities in the region where the brain and spinal cord meet, and it causes part of the cerebellum to protrude through the foramen magnum (bottom of the skull) into the spinal canal. This was to be called the Arnold-Chiari malformation, named after Chiari and German pathologist, Julius Arnold (1835 − 1915). The malformation was given its name in 1907 by two of Dr. Arnold's students.
Another medical term named after Chiari is the Budd-Chiari syndrome, which is ascites and cirrhosis of the liver caused by an obstruction of the hepatic veins due to a blood clot. It is named in conjunction with British internist George Budd (1808 − 1882). Lastly, Chiari is also famous for describing the Chiari network, an embryonic remnant found in the right atrium first published in 1897.
[edit] References
- Loukas, Marios; Noordeh Nima, Shoja Mohammadali M, Pugh Jeffrey, Oakes W Jerry, Tubbs R Shane (March 2008). "Hans Chiari (1851-1916)". Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 24 (3): 407–9. doi:10.1007/s00381-007-0535-y. PMID 18066558.
- Arnett, Bridgette (June 2003). "Arnold-Chiari malformation". Arch. Neurol. 60 (6): 898–900. doi:10.1001/archneur.60.6.898. PMID 12810499.
- Pearce, J M (January 2000). "Arnold Chiari, or "Cruveilhier Cleland Chiari" malformation". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 68 (1): 13. doi:10.1136/jnnp.68.1.13. PMC 1760604. PMID 10601393. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1760604.
- Koehler, P J (November 1991). "Chiari's description of cerebellar ectopy (1891). With a summary of Cleland's and Arnold's contributions and some early observations on neural-tube defects". J. Neurosurg. 75 (5): 823–6. doi:10.3171/jns.1991.75.5.0823. PMID 1919713.
- Lagerkvist, B; Olsen L (August 1991). "[The men behind the syndrome. John Cleland, Hans Chiari and Julius Arnold--3 men behind a new phenomenon. Brain stem defects in children with myelocele]". Lakartidningen 88 (32–33): 2610–1. PMID 1881219.
- Chiari, H (. 1987). "Concerning alterations in the cerebellum resulting from cerebral hydrocephalus. 1891". Pediatric neuroscience 13 (1): 3–8. doi:10.1159/000120293. PMID 3317333.
- Wilkins, R H; Brady I A (October 1971). "The Arnold-Chiari malformations". Arch. Neurol. 25 (4): 376–9. PMID 4938787.
