Haplogroup A (mtDNA)

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Haplogroup A
Time of origin 50,000 YBP
Place of origin Central Asia
Ancestor N
Descendants A3, A4, A5, A7, A8
Defining mutations 152, 235, 523-524d, 663, 1736, 4248, 4824, 8794, 16290, 16319[1]

In human genetics, Haplogroup A is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Contents

[edit] Origin

Haplogroup A is believed to have arisen in Asia some 50,000 years before present. Its ancestral haplogroup was Haplogroup N.

[edit] Distribution

Its subgroup A1 is found in northern and central Asia, while its subgroup A2 is found in Siberia and is also one of five haplogroups found in the indigenous peoples of the Americas, the others being B, C, D, and X.

Haplogroup A is the most common haplogroup among the Chukchis, Eskimos, Na-Denes, and Central American Amerinds. 7.5% of the Japanese belong to haplogroup A (mostly A4 and A5)[2].

[edit] Subclades

[edit] Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup A subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[1] and subsequent published research.


  • A
    • A3
    • A4
      • A4a
        • A4a1
          • A4a1a
      • A4b
      • A4c
        • A4c1
      • A2
        • A2a
          • A2a2
        • A2b
          • A2b1
        • A2c
        • A2d
          • A2d1
            • A2d1a
          • A2d2
          • A2e
          • A2f
            • A2f1
              • A2f1a
          • A2g
          • A2h
          • A2i
          • A2j
            • A2j1
          • A2k
            • A2k1
          • A2n
          • A2p
        • A2q
      • A6
    • A5
      • A5a
        • A5a1
          • A5a1a
            • A5a1a1
              • A5a1a1a
              • A5a1a1b
            • A5a1a2
          • A5a1b
        • A5a2
      • A5b
      • A5c
    • A7
    • A8
    • A9

[edit] Popular Culture

The mummy "Juanita" of Peru, also called the "Ice Maiden", has been shown to belong to mitochondrial haplogroup A.

In his popular book The Seven Daughters of Eve, Bryan Sykes named the originator of this mtDNA haplogroup Aiyana.

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457 doi:10.1002/humu.20921. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121449735/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0. Retrieved on 2009-05-20. |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121449735/abstract?CRETRY=1|doi_brokendate=2009-07-06 }}
  2. ^ Japan Reference : The Origins of Japanese people

[edit] See also

Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups
  most recent common mt-ancestor    
L0 L1 L2 L3   L4 L5 L6
  M N  
CZ D E G Q   A S   R   I W X Y
C Z B F HV   JT P  U
H V J T K Former Clusters IWX

[edit] External links


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