Haplogroup B (mtDNA)

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Haplogroup B

Migration map4.png
Possible time of origin 50,000 YBP
Possible place of origin East Asia
Ancestor R11'B
Descendants B4, B5, B7
Defining mutations 8281-8289d[1]

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup B is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Contents

[edit] Origin

Haplogroup B is believed to have arisen in Asia some 50,000 years before present. Its ancestral haplogroup was Haplogroup R.

Its greater variety is in China. It is conspicuous that haplogroup B may have its earliest diversification in southern China and/or Southeast Asia.[2]

[edit] Distribution

Haplogroup B is found frequently in East Asia.[3] Its subgroup B2 is one of five haplogroups found in the indigenous peoples of the Americas, the others being A, C, D, and X.

Since the migration to the Americas by the ancestors of Indigenous Americans is generally believed to have been from Siberia, it is especially surprising that Haplogroup B is the only haplogroup found in Indigenous Americans which is not found in modern North (it is found in 3% of the Siberian population- based on new research) Siberian populations.[4] However, Haplogroup B has been found among Southern Siberians, such as Tuvans, Altays, and Buryats. This haplogroup is also found in Mongolians, Tibetans, Koreans, and among populations of Japan, China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Madagascar, the Philippines, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.[5]

[edit] Subclades

[edit] Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup B subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[1] and subsequent published research.

  • B
    • B4
      • B4a
        • B4a1
          • B4a1a
            • B4a1a1
              • B4a1a1a (16247) or PM (Polynesian motif)
                • B4a1a1a1
              • B4a1a1b
            • B4a1a2
            • B4a1b
              • B4a1b1
                • B4a1b1a
          • B4a1c
            • B4a1c1
              • B4a1c2
              • B4a1c4
            • B4a1c3
              • B4a1c3a
        • B4a2
        • B4a2a
      • B4g
      • B4b'd'e
        • B4b
          • B2
            • B2a
              • B2a1
                • B2a1a
            • B2b
            • B2c
              • B2c1
            • B2d
            • B2e
          • B4b1
            • B4b1a
                • B4b1a1
                  • B4b1a1a
                • B4b1a2
                  • B4b1a2a
            • B4b1b'c
              • B4b1b
              • B4b1c
        • B4d
          • B4d1'2'3
            • B4d1
            • B4d2
            • B4d3
        • B4e
      • B4c
        • B4c1
          • B4c1a'b
            • B4c1a
              • B4c1a1
                • B4c1a1a
              • B4c1a2
            • B4c1b
              • B4c1b1
                • B4c1b1a
              • B4c1b2
          • B4c1c
            • B4c1c1
        • B4c2
          • B4c2a
      • B4f
        • B4f1
    • B5
      • B5a
        • B5a1
          • B5a1a
        • B5a2
          • B5a2a
      • B5b
        • B5b1
          • B5b1a'b
            • B5b1a
            • B5b1b
        • B5b2
          • B5b2a'b
            • B5b2a
            • B5b2b
              • B5b2b1
          • B5b2c
        • B5b3
    • B7 or B6

[edit] Popular culture

In his popular book The Seven Daughters of Eve, Bryan Sykes named the originator of this mtDNA haplogroup Ina.

[edit] See also

Evolutionary tree of Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups
  Mitochondrial Eve (L)    
L0 L1-6
L1 L2 L3   L4 L5 L6
  M N  
CZ D E G Q   A S   R   I W X Y
C Z B F R0   pre-JT P  U
HV JT K
H V J T

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921 (inactive 2009-07-06). PMID 18853457. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121449735/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0. Retrieved 2009-05-20. 
  2. ^ Yong-Gang Yao et al. 2001, Phylogeographic Differentiation of Mitochondrial DNA in Han Chinese Am J Hum Genet. 2002 March; 70(3): 635–651
  3. ^ Haplogroup B.
  4. ^ Fagundes, Nelson J.R.; Ricardo Kanitz, Roberta Eckert, Ana C.S. Valls, Mauricio R. Bogo, Francisco M. Salzano, David Glenn Smith, Wilson A. Silva, Marco A. Zago, Andrea K. Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Sidney E.B. Santos, Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler, and Sandro L.Bonatto (2008). "Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas" (pdf). American Journal of Human Genetics 82 (3): 583–592. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.013. PMC 2427228. PMID 18313026. http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/Fagundes-et-al.pdf. Retrieved 2009-11-19. 
  5. ^ Theodore G Schurr and Douglas C Wallace, "Mitochondrial DNA diversity in Southeast Asian populations," Human Biology, Jun 2002.

[edit] External links

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