Haplogroup CT (Y-DNA)

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Haplogroup CT

Yhaplotree.JPG
Time of origin 68,500 years BP[1]
Place of origin East Africa[2]
Ancestor BT
Descendants CF and DE
Defining mutations P9.1, M168 and M294

In human genetics, Haplogroup CT is a Y-chromosome haplogroup, defining one of the major lines of common ancestry of humanity along father-to-son male lines.

Men within this haplogroup have Y chromosomes with the SNP mutation M168, along with P9.1 and M294. These mutations are present in all modern human male lines except A and B which are both found almost entirely in Africa. No male in haplogroup CT* has yet been discovered.

The most recent common male line ancestor (MRCA) of all CT men today probably pre-dated the "Out of Africa" migration of anatomically modern humans, a migration in which some of his descendants participated. He is therefore thought to have lived in Africa before this proposed migration.[1][2][3]

In imitation of the concept of the more well-known "Y Chromosome Adam" (the most recent common male line ancestor (MRCA) of all living men) CT-M168 has been referred to in popularized accounts as being descended from a "Eurasian Adam".

All known surviving descendant lineages of CT are in one of two major sub-clades, CF and DE. Both these appear to have arisen only a few thousand years after the original common ancestor of CT. In turn, DE is divided into an East Asian haplogroup D, and an African haplogroup E, while CF is divided into an East Asian, American, and Oceanian haplogroup C and an ubiquitous haplogroup F, which dominates most non-African populations.[1]

Haplogroup CT is therefore the common ancestral male lineage of most men alive today, including most Africans, where haplogroup E is most common, and non Africans, where haplogroup F is dominant.

[edit] Subclades

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Meilerman MB, Underhill PA, Zegura SL, Hammer MF (2008). "New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree". Genome Research 18: 830–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7172008. http://www.genome.org/cgi/content/abstract/gr.7172008v1. 
  2. ^ a b Stone, Linda (2007). "Voyages, Prehistoric Human Expansions". Genes, Culture, and Human Evolution. p. 187. ISBN 1405150890. http://books.google.com/books?id=zdeWdF_NQhEC&printsec=frontcover#PPA187,M1. 
  3. ^ Underhill and Kivisild (2007), "Use of Y Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Population Structure in Tracing Human Migrations", Annu. Rev. Genet. 41: 539–64, doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.41.110306.130407 


Human Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups (by ethnic groups · famous haplotypes)
most recent common Y-ancestor
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A BT
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B CT
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CF DE
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C F D E
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G H IJK
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IJ K
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I J L MNOPS T
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M NO P S
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N O Q R
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