Haplogroup D (mtDNA)
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| Haplogroup D | |
| Time of origin | 60,000 YBP |
| Place of origin | Asia |
| Ancestor | M |
| Defining mutations | 4883 5178A 16362[1] |
In human genetics, Haplogroup D is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
Contents |
[edit] Origin
Haplogroup D is believed to have arisen in Asia some 60,000 years before present. It is a descendant haplogroup of haplogroup M.
[edit] Distribution
It is found in Northeast Asia (including Siberia) and is also one of five haplogroups found in the indigenous peoples of the Americas, the others being A, B, C, and X.
Haplogroup D is also found quite frequently in Central Asia[2], where it makes up the second most common mtDNA clade (after H). Haplogroup D also appears at a low frequency in northeastern Europe and southwestern Asia.
[edit] Subclades
[edit] Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup D subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[1] and subsequent published research.
- D
- D4
- D1
- D1a
- D1b
- D1c
- D1d
- D4a
- D4a1
- D4a1a
- D4a1b
- D4a1c
- D4a2
- D4a2a
- D4a3
- D4a3a
- D4a4
- D4a1
- D4b
- D4b1
- D3
- D4b1a
- D4b1a1
- D4b1a2
- D4b1a2a
- D4b1a2a1
- D4b1a2a1a
- D4b1a2a1
- D4b1a2a
- D4b1b
- D4b1b1
- D4b1b1a
- D4b1b2
- D4b2
- D4b2a
- D4b2a1
- D4b2a2
- D4b2a2a
- D4b2a2b
- D4b2b
- D4b2b1
- D4b2b1a
- D4b2b1b
- D4b2b2
- D4b2b3
- D4b2b1
- D4b2a
- D4b1
- D4c
- D4c1
- D4c1a
- D4c1a1
- D4c1b
- D4c1b1
- D4c1a
- D4c2
- D4c1
- D4d
- D4e
- D4e1
- D2
- D2a
- D2a1
- D2a1a
- D2a1b
- D2a1
- D2b
- D2a
- D4e1a
- D4e1a1
- D4e1a2
- D2
- D4e1
- D4e2
-
- D4e2a
- D4e2b
- D4e2c
-
- D4f
- D4g
- D4g1
- D4g1a
- D4g1b
- D4g1c
- D4g2
- D4g2a
- D4g2a1
- D4g2a
- D4g1
- D4h
- D4h1
- D4h1a
- D4h3
- D4h1
- D4i
- D4i1
- D4i2
- D4j
- D4k
- D4l
- D4l1
- D4l2
- D4l2a
- D4m
- D4m1
- D4m2
- D4n
- D4n1
- D4o
- D4o1
- D4o2
- D5
- D5a'b
- D5a
- D5a1
- D5a1a
- D5a2
- D5a2a
- D5a2a1
- D5a2a1a
- D5a2a1b
- D5a2a1
- D5a2a
- D5a1
- D5b
- D5b1
- D5b1a
- D5b1b
- D5b1b1
- D5b2
- D5b1
- D5a
- D5c
- D5d
- D5d1
- D5a'b
- D6
- D1
- D4
[edit] Popular Culture
In his popular book The Seven Daughters of Eve, Bryan Sykes named the originator of this mtDNA haplogroup Djigonasee.
[edit] References
- ^ a b van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:. PMID 18853457 doi:10.1002/humu.20921. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121449735/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0. Retrieved on 2009-05-20.|url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121449735/abstract?CRETRY=1|doi_brokendate=2009-07-06 }}
- ^ D. Comas et al., Admixture, migrations, and dispersals in Central Asia: evidence from maternal DNA lineages. European Journal of Human Genetics, 2004
[edit] See also
- Genealogical DNA test
- Genetic Genealogy
- Human mitochondrial genetics
- Population Genetics
- Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups
| most recent common mt-ancestor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L0 | L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | L7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| M | N | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CZ | D | E | G | Q | A | S | R | I | W | X | Y | |||||||||||||||||||||
| C | Z | B | F | HV | JT | P | U | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H | V | J | T | K | Former Clusters IWX | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
[edit] External links
- General
- Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site
- Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
- Haplogroup D
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