Haplogroup F (Y-DNA)

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Haplogroup F
Time of origin	45,000 years BP
Place of origin	Southwest Asia or South Asia
Ancestor	CF
Descendants	G, H, I,J,K
Defining mutations	P14, M89, M213, P133, P134, P135, P136, P138, P139, P140, P141, P142, P145, P146, P148, P149, P151, P157, P158, P159, P160, P161, P163, P166, P187

In human genetics, Haplogroup F is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. This haplogroup and its subclades contain more than 90% of the world's existing male population, including almost everyone outside of Africa, except for Tibet, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Japan, Polynesia, and communities of indigenous Australians, while also including many men within those regions.

Haplogroup F is an ancestral haplogroup to Y-chromosome haplogroups G (M201), H (M52), I (M170), J (12f2.1), and K (M9) along with K's descendant haplogroups (L, M, N, O, P, Q, and R).

Contents 1 Origins 2 Distribution 3 Subclades 3.1 Tree 4 References 5 See also 6 External links

[edit] Origins

This ancient haplogroup may have first appeared in North Africa, the Levant, or the Arabian Peninsula as much as 50,000 years ago: 50,300±6500, Hammer and Zegura 2002; 48,000(38,700-55,700)^[1]. It is sometimes believed to represent a "second-wave" of expansion out of Africa. However, the location of this lineage's first expansion and rise to dominance appears to have been in the Middle East or somewhere close to it within extended South Asia; all of Haplogroup F's descendant haplogroups also show a pattern of radiation from South Asia (haplogroups H and K) or the Middle East (haplogroups G and IJ).

Several lineages derived from Haplogroup F appear to have migrated into Africa from a homeland in Southwest Asia sometime during prehistory. Y-chromosome haplogroups associated with this hypothetical "Back to Africa" migration include R1b, and T.

Besides the major clades G, H, IJ, and K, other patrilines derived from Haplogroup F-M89 can still be detected at a very low frequency among many populations of the southern fringe of Eurasia and Oceania, from Portugal in the west to Korea and the Malay Archipelago in the east. India, Korea, and the Ailao Mountains of Yunnan Province in southwestern China appear to be the only regions where such lineages, which are grouped for convenience as Haplogroup F*, comprise a significant portion of the Y-chromosome diversity of the modern populations. Haplogroup F* Y-chromosomes have been found to be particularly common among the Kucong or Yellow Lahu, a group of hunter-gatherers who live in the Ailao Mountains of Yunnan.^[2] Korean F* probably reflects a rare brother clade of haplogroups G, H, IJ, and K that may have experienced a geographically limited expansion during historical times, as such Haplogroup F* Y-chromosomes have not been found among the neighboring Japanese.

[edit] Distribution

[edit] Subclades

[edit] Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree^[3] and subsequent published research.

• F
  • F-P14 (P14, M89, M213, P133, P134, P135, P136, P138, P139, P140, P141, P142, P145, P146, P148, P149, P151, P157, P158, P159, P160, P161, P163, P166, P187)
    • F-P91 (P91, P104)
    • F-M427 (M427, M428)
    • F-P96 (P96)
    • F-P254 (P254)
    • G Main Haplogroup G Article
    • H Main Haplogroup H Article
    • IJK Main Haplogroup IJK Article

[edit] References

[edit] See also

Human Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups (by ethnic groups · famous haplotypes)

most recent common Y-ancestor

|

A

BT

|

B

CT

|

CF

DE

|

|

C

F

D

E

|

G

H

IJK

|

IJ

K

|

|

I

J

L

M

NOP

S

T

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NO

P

|

|

N

O

Q

R

[edit] External links

• Spread of Haplogroup F*, from National Geographic
• Y-Chromosome Biallelic Haplogroups
• Haplogroups World Map
• The Haplogroup F Y-DNA Project - Family Project Website