Haplogroup G (mtDNA)
| Haplogroup G | |
| Possible time of origin | 35,700 YBP[1] |
| Possible place of origin | East Asia |
| Ancestor | M12'G |
| Descendants | G1, G2, G3, G4 |
|---|---|
| Defining mutations | 709, 4833, 5108[2] |
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup G is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
Contents |
[edit] Origin
Haplogroup G is a descendant of haplogroup M. Haplogroup G is divided into subclades G1 and G2a, which represent the Koryaks and Itelmen.[3]
[edit] Distribution
It is an East Asian haplogroup.[4] Today, haplogroup G is found at its highest frequency in northeastern Siberia (Itelmens, Koryaks, etc.).[3] Haplogroup G is one of the most common mtDNA haplogroups among modern Japanese and Ainu people (as well as among people of the prehistoric Jōmon culture in Hokkaidō), and it is also found at lower frequency among some other populations of East Asia, Central Asia, Bangladesh,[citation needed] and Nepal. However, unlike other mitochondrial DNA haplogroups typical of populations of northeastern Asia, such as haplogroup A, haplogroup C, and haplogroup D, haplogroup G has not been found among indigenous peoples of the Americas.
[edit] Subclades
[edit] Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup G subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[2] and subsequent published research.
- G
- G1
- G1a
- G1a1
- G1a1a
- G1a1a1
- G1a1a2
- G1a1a3
- G1a1a
- G1a2'3
- G1a2
- G1a3
- G1a3a
- G1a1
- G1b
- G1c
- G1a
- G2
- G2a
- G2a1
- G2a1a
- G2a1b
- G2a1c
- G2a2
- G2a3
- G2a3a
- G2a4
- G2a1
- G2b
- G2b1
- G2a
- G3
- G3a
- G3a1
- G3a2
- G3b
- G3b1
- G3a
- G4
- G1
[edit] See also
- Genealogical DNA test
- Genetic Genealogy
- Human mitochondrial genetics
- Population Genetics
- Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups
|
Evolutionary tree of Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mitochondrial Eve (L) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L0 | L1-6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| M | N | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CZ | D | E | G | Q | A | S | R | I | W | X | Y | |||||||||||||||||||||
| C | Z | B | F | R0 | pre-JT | P | U | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HV | JT | K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H | V | J | T | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
[edit] References
- ^ Soares, Pedro; Luca Ermini, Noel Thomson, Maru Mormina, Teresa Rito, Arne Röhl, Antonio Salas, Stephen Oppenheimer, Vincent Macaulay and Martin B. Richards (04 Jun 2009). "Supplemental Data Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock". The American Society of Human Genetics 84 (6): 82–93. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001. PMC 2694979. PMID 19500773. http://www.cell.com/AJHG/abstract/S0002-9297(09)00163-3. Retrieved 2009-08-13.
- ^ a b van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121449735/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
- ^ a b mtDNA Haplogroup Testing
- ^ Haplogroup G.
[edit] External links
- General
- Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site
- Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
  |
This bioinformatics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
 |
This genetics article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
