Haplogroup HV (mtDNA)

Haplogroup HV
Possible time of origin	25000-30000 YBP
Possible place of origin	Near East or Caucasus
Ancestor	R0
Descendants	HV0, HV1, HV2, HV3, HV4, HV5, H
Defining mutations	14766

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup HV is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Origin

Haplogroup HV derives from the Haplogroup R0 (which in turn derives from haplogroup R). HV is also the ancestral haplogroup to Haplogroup H and Haplogroup V.

Distribution

Haplogroup HV is a west Eurasian haplogroup found throughout the Middle East, including Iran, Anatolia (present-day Turkey) and the Caucasus Mountains of southern Russia and the republic of Georgia. It is also found to a much lesser extent in parts of East Africa, mainly in the population of Sudanese Arabs, where the frequency of Eurasian ancestry is 22.5%, and a very high frequency of y-chromosome haplogroup J is also found.

Much earlier, around 30,000 years ago, some members of HV moved north across the Caucasus Mountains and west across Anatolia, their lineages being carried into Europe for the first time by the Cro-Magnon. Their arrival was the second group(s) of anatomically modern humans in Europe (the first being mtDNA haplogroup U5). These continued migrations sounded the end of the era of the Neandertals, a hominid species that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia from about 230,000 to 29,000 years ago. Better communication skills, weapons, and resourcefulness probably enabled them to outcompete Neandertals for scarce resources. Importantly, some descendants of HV had already broken off and formed their own group, haplogroup H, and continued the push into Western Europe.

A 2003 study was published reporting on the mtDNA sequencing of the bones of two 24,000-year-old anatomically modern humans of the Cro-Magnon type from Southern Italy. The study showed one was of either haplogroup HV or R0.[1]

Subclades

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup HV subclades is based on the paper by van Oven 2009 and Malyarchuk et al. 2008.

• HV
  • HV0 (formerly known as pre-V)
    • HV0a (formerly known as preV*2)
      • HV0a1
      • V
    • 195 (formerly known as preV*1)
      • HV0b
      • HV0c
  • HV1
    • HV1a
      • HV1a1
        • HV1a1a
      • HV1a2
    • HV1b
      • HV1b1
      • HV1b2
    • HV1c
  • 73
    • HV2
      • HV2a
  • HV4
    • HV4a
  • HV5
  • 16311 (formerly known as HV3)
    • HV6 (formerly known as HV3b)
      • HV6a (formerly known as HV3b1)
    • HV7 (formerly known as HV3c)
    • HV8 (formerly known as HV3d)
    • HV9 (formerly known as HV3a)
      • 152
        • HV9a
    • HV10
  • H

See also

• Genealogical DNA test
• Genetic Genealogy
• Population Genetics

Evolutionary tree of Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

Mitochondrial Eve (L)

L0

L1-6

L1

L2

L3

L4

L5

L6

M

N

CZ

D

E

G

Q

A

S

R

I

W

X

Y

C

Z

B

F

R0

pre-JT

P

U

HV

JT

K

H

V

J

T

External links

• General
  • Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site
  • Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
• Haplogroup HV
  • Spread of Haplogroup HV, from the Genographic Project
  • The India Genealogical DNA Project at Family Tree DNA
  • Rebekah A. Canada's mtDNA Haplogroup HV Project at Family Tree DNA