Haplogroup L1 (mtDNA)
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| Haplogroup L1 | |
| Time of origin | 150,000–170,000 YBP |
| Place of origin | East Africa |
| Ancestor | L1-6 |
| Descendants | L1c, L1b |
|---|---|
| Defining mutations | 3666, 7055, 7389, 13789, 14178, 14560 [1] |
In human genetics, Haplogroup L1 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
Contents |
[edit] Origin
The formerly named L1 branches (L1d, L1k, L1a, L1f) have been re-classified into haplogroup L0 as L0d, L0k, L0a and L0f. Haplogroup L1 is believed to have first appeared in East Africa approximately 150,000 to 170,000 years ago.[2] Haplogroup L1 is a daughter of Mitochondrial Eve like her sister haplogroup L0. L1 and sisters haplogroups L2, L3, L4, L5, and L6 are distinguished from L0 by genetic markers at 182, 1048, 4312, 6185, 11914, and 12007.
[edit] Distribution
It is found most commonly in the Sub-Saharan Africa. It reaches its highest frequency in the Kung people at 69%.[3]
L1 has two branches- L1b and L1c. L1b is most frequent in West Africa. L1c is more common amongst the Bantu and Semi-Bantu speakers of west-central tropical Africa. [4]
[edit] Subclades
[edit] Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup L1 subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[1] and subsequent published research.
- Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA)
- L1'2'3'4'5'6
- L1
- L1b
- L1b1
- L1b1a
- L1b1a1
- L1b1a2
- L1b1a2a
- L1b1a3
- L1b1a4
- L1b1a5
- L1b1b
- L1b1a
- L1b2
- L1b1
- L1c
- L1c1'2'4'6
- L1c1
- L1c1a
- L1c1a1
- L1c1a1a
- L1c1a1a1
- L1c1a1a1a
- L1c1a1a1b
- L1c1a1a1b1
- L1c1a1a2
- L1c1a1a1
- L1c1a1b
- L1c1a1a
- L1c1a2
- L1c1a2a
- L1c1a2a1
- L1c1a2b
- L1c1a2a
- L1c1a1
- L1c1b
- L1c1c'd
- L1c1c
- L1c1d
- L1c1a
- L1c2'4
- L1c2
- L1c2a
- L1c2a1
- L1c2a1a
- L1c2a1b
- L1c2a2
- L1c2a1
- L1c2b
- L1c2b1
- L1c2b1a
- L1c2b1
- L1c2a
- L1c4
- L1c2
- L1c6
- L1c1
- L1c3
- L1c3a
- L1c3a1
- L1c3b
- L1c3b1
- L1c3b1a
- L1c3b1b
- L1c3b2
- L1c3b1
- L1c3c
- L1c3a
- L1c1'2'4'6
- L1b
- L1
- L1'2'3'4'5'6
[edit] References
- ^ a b van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation 30 (2): E386-E394. PMID 18853457 doi:10.1002/humu.20921. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121449735/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0. Retrieved on 2009-05-20.
- ^ Tishkoff et al., Whole-mtDNA Genome Sequence Analysis of Ancient African Lineages, Mol. Biol. Evol, 24(3):757-68. 2007
- ^ Alexandra Rosa et al. 2004 July. "MtDNA Profile of West Africa Guineans: Towards a Better Understanding of the Senegambia Region", "Annals of Human Genetics", 68(Pt 4): 344
- ^ Quintana-Murci et al. 2008. Maternal traces of deep common ancestry and asymmetric gene flow between Pygmy hunter–gatherers and Bantu-speaking farmers 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America'. 105(5): 1599
[edit] See also
- Genealogical DNA test
- Genetic Genealogy
- Human mitochondrial genetics
- Population Genetics
- Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups
| most recent common mt-ancestor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L0 | L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| M | N | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CZ | D | E | G | Q | A | S | R | I | W | X | Y | |||||||||||||||||||||
| C | Z | B | F | HV | JT | P | U | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H | V | J | T | K | Former Clusters IWX | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
[edit] External links
- General
- Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site
- Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
- Haplogroup L1
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