Haplogroup L2 (mtDNA)

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Haplogroup L2
Time of origin	70,000 YBP
Place of origin	Central Africa
Ancestor	L2'3'4'6
Descendants	L2a'b'c'd, L2e
Defining mutations	2416, 8206, 9221, 10115, 13590[1]

In human genetics, Haplogroup L2 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Contents 1 Origin 2 Distribution 3 Subclades 3.1 Tree 4 References 5 See also 6 External links

[edit] Origin

L2 has four main subgroups: L2a, L2b, L2c, and L2d. The most common L2 subgroup, L2a, is the most common mtdna haplogroup among African Americans.

[edit] Distribution

Haplogroup L2 is native to sub-Saharan Africa, where it is present in approximately one third of all people. It is believed to have arisen between 87,000 to 107,000 years ago.^[2]

[edit] Subclades

[edit] Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup L2 subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation^[1] and subsequent published research.

• Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA)
  • L1'2'3'4'5'6
    • L2'3'4'6
      • L2
        • L2a'b'c'd
          • L2a
            • L2a1
              • L2a1a
                • L2a1a1
                • L2a1a2
                  • L2a1a2a
                • L2a1a3
                • L2a1a4
              • L2a1b
              • L2a1f
                • L2a1f1
              • L2a1c
                • L2a1c1
                • L2a1c2
                • L2a1c3
              • L2a1d
              • L2a1e
                • L2a1e1
              • L2a1h
              • L2a1i
              • L2a1j
              • L2a1k
              • L2a1l
                • L2a1l1
                  • L2a1l1a
                • L2a1l2
            • L2a2
              • L2a2a
                • L2a2a1
              • L2a2b
                • L2a2b1
          • L2b'c
            • L2b
              • L2b1
                • L2b1a
                  • L2b1a1
                  • L2b1a2
              • L2b2
              • L2b3
            • L2c
              • L2c2'3
                • L2c2
                • L2c3
              • L2c4
          • L2d
            • L2d1
        • L2e

[edit] References

1. ^ ^{a b} van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation 30 (2): E386-E394. PMID 18853457 doi:10.1002/humu.20921. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121449735/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0. Retrieved on 2009-05-20. 
2. ^ Tishkoff et al., Whole-mtDNA Genome Sequence Analysis of Ancient African Lineages, Mol. Biol. Evol, 24(3):757-68. 2007

[edit] See also

• Genealogical DNA test
• Genetic Genealogy
• Human mitochondrial genetics
• Population Genetics
• Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups

Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

most recent common mt-ancestor

L0

L1

L2

L3

L4

L5

L6

L7

M

N

CZ

D

E

G

Q

A

S

R

I

W

X

Y

C

Z

B

F

HV

JT

P

U

H

V

J

T

K

Former Clusters IWX

[edit] External links

• General
  • Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site
  • Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
• Haplogroup L2
  • Spread of Haplogroup L2, from National Geographic
  • Haplogroup L, from Genetree