Haplogroup L5 (mtDNA)
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| Haplogroup L5 | |
| Possible time of origin | 114,200-126,200 YBP[1] |
| Possible place of origin | East Africa |
| Ancestor | L2'3'4'5'6 |
| Descendants | L5a, L5c |
|---|---|
| Defining mutations | 3423, 7972, 12432, 12950[2] |
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup L5 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It was previously known as L1e.
Contents |
[edit] Origin
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[edit] Distribution
It is a small African haplogroup from East Africa. The highest frequency is in Mbuti Pygmies at 15%.[3] It is present in relatively small frequencies in Tanzania (Sandawe and others), Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan, Nubia, Egypt[4][Note 1] and Saudi Arabia.[5]
[edit] Subclades
[edit] Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup L5 subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[2] and subsequent published research.
- Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA)
- L1-6
- L2-6
- L5
- L5a
- L5a1
- L5a1a
- L5a1b
- L5a1c
- L5a2
- L5a1
- L5c
- L5c1
- L5c2
- L5a
- L5
- L2-6
- L1-6
[edit] References
- ^ Soares, P; Ermini, L; Thomson, N; Mormina, M; Rito, T; Röhl, A; Salas, A; Oppenheimer, S et al (2009). "Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock". American journal of human genetics 84 (6): 740–59. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001. PMC 2694979. PMID 19500773. http://www.cell.com/AJHG/abstract/S0002-9297(09)00163-3.
- ^ a b van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121449735/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
- ^ Sarah A. Tishkoff et al. 2007, History of Click-Speaking Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation. Molecular Biology and Evolution 2007 24(10):2180-2195
- ^ Stevanovitch, A; A. Gilles, E. Bouzaid, R. Kefi, F. Paris, R. P. Gayraud, J. L. Spadoni, F. El-Chenawi, E. Béraud-Colomb (29 JAN 2004). "Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Diversity in a Sedentary Population from Egypt". Annals of Human Genetics 68 (1): 23–39. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00057.x. PMID 14748828.
- ^ Abu-Amero et al. 2008 February. "Mitochondrial DNA structure in the Arabian Peninsula", BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8(45): 52.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Sample UPE52 is subclade L5a.
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Evolutionary tree of Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups |
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| Mitochondrial Eve (L) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L0 | L1-6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| M | N | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CZ | D | E | G | Q | A | S | R | I | W | X | Y | |||||||||||||||||||||
| C | Z | B | F | R0 | pre-JT | P | U | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HV | JT | K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H | V | J | T | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
[edit] External links
- General
- Ian Logan's Haplogroups L5.
- Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
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