Haplogroup P (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup P
Possible time of origin	27,000-41,000 years BP
Possible place of origin	Central Asia - South Asia
Ancestor	MNOPS
Descendants	P*, Q, R
Defining mutations	92R7, M45, M74/N12, P27, S25

In human genetics, Haplogroup P (M45) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

This haplogroup contains the patrilineal ancestors of most Europeans and almost all of the indigenous peoples of the Americas. It also contains approximately one third to two thirds of the males among various populations of Central Asia and Southern Asia.

Origins

Haplogroup P is a branch of Haplogroup MNOPS, which is a branch of Haplogroup K (M9). It is believed to have arisen north of the Hindu Kush, in Siberia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, or along the Silk Road in the region of Xinjiang, Gansu, or Ningxia, before being pressed North, approximately 35,000 years ago. An alternate postulated theory supported by Gansu, Ningxia is that this group moved along the opposite side of the Tibetan plateau along the Sichuan Mountains, before taking the silk route and Bering land bridge. The climate was much different and would have supported more life and grasslands in Tarim Basin, Mongolia, and Manchuria. The sea levels were up to 370 feet lower 18,000 years ago, and significantly lower the last 100,000 years, allowing for an easy expansion of Haplogroup K throughout East Asia, and through the grasslands north of Beijing, going West to the Tarim Basin and North East to Manchuria.

The descendant haplogroups of P include Q (M242) and R (M207).

Distribution

Haplogroup P is distributed commonly in Europe, Central Asia, North-East Asia, North America, South America.

Besides the haplogroup R and haplogroup Q branches, other patrilines derived from Haplogroup P-M45 are labeled for sake of convenience as Haplogroup P-M45*. They are present at low to moderate frequency among modern South Asian populations. P-M45* is most frequent among the Muslims of Manipur (33%), but this may be due to a very small sample size, 9.

Population Group	N	P (xQ,xR)		Q		R		Paper
		Count	%	Count	%	Count	%
Gope	16	1	6.3					Sahoo 2006
Oriya Brahmin	24	1	4.2					Sahoo 2006
Mahishiya	17	3	17.6					Sahoo 2006
Bhumij	15	2	13.3					Sahoo 2006
Saora	13	3	23.1					Sahoo 2006
Nepali	7	2	28.6					Sahoo 2006
Manipur Muslim	9	3	33.3					Sahoo 2006
Himachal Pradesh Rajpu	15	1	6.7					Sahoo 2006
Lambadi	18	4	22.2					Sahoo 2006
Gujarat Patel	9	2	22.2					Sahoo 2006
Katkari	19	1	5.3					Sahoo 2006
Madia Gond	14	1	7.1					Sahoo 2006
Kamma Chaudhary	15	0	0	1	6.7	12	80	Sahoo 2006

Subgroups

The subclades of Haplogroup P with their defining mutation, according to the 2008 ISOGG tree:

• P (92R7_1, 92R7_2, L138, L268, M45, M74/N12, P27.1_1/P207, P27.1_2, P69, P226, P228, P230, P235,P237, P239, P240, P243, P244, P281, P282, P283, P284, P295/S8, PG83)
  • P*
  • Q (M242)
  • R (M207, P224, P227, P229, P232, P280, P285, L248.2, V45)

External links

• Spread of Haplogroup P, from The Genographic Project, National Geographic

Evolutionary tree of Human Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups

most recent common Y-ancestor

A

A1b

A1a-T

A1a

A2-T

A2

A3

BT

B

CT

DE

CF

D

E

C

F

G

H

IJK

IJ

K

I

J

LT

K(xLT)

L

T

M

NO

P

S

O

N

Q

R

Y-DNA by populations · Famous Y-DNA haplotypes