Harbin Y-12
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Harbin Y-12 (Chinese: 运-12; pinyin: Yun-12) is a high wing twin-engine turboprop utility aircraft built by Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation (HAMC).
[edit] Design and development
The Y-12 started life as a development of the Harbin Y-11 airframe. The design featured numerous improvements including a redesigned wing with a new low drag section, a larger fuselage and bonded rather than riveted construction.
The first prototype i.e. (I) version flew on 14 July 1982, only 3 (I) version planes were built including the fatigue test one. This was designated the Y-12 (II), which featured more powerful engines and removal of leading edge slats, first flying on 16 August 1984 and receiving Chinese certification in December of the following year.[1] The powerplants are two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-27 turboprops with Hartzell propellers. The Y-12 has a maximum payload of 5,700 kg (12,600 lb) with seating for 17 passengers and two crew. The aircraft is operated as a light commuter and transport aircraft.
[edit] Variants
- Y-12 (I) : Twin-engined STOL utility transport aircraft, powered by two 500-shp (373-kW) Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-11 turboprop engines. Prototype version.
- Y-12 (II) : Fitted with more powerful PT6A-27 engines.
- Y-12 (III) : Planned version to be fitted with WJ-9 turboprop. Evolved to Y-12C because of IV's success when WJ-9 development was completed.
- Y-12 (IV) : Improved version. Revised wingtips (span increased to 19.2 m (63 ft)) and increased take off weight. 19 passenger seats.
- Y-12C : Basically a (IV) version with WJ-9 turboprop, now used by PLAAF for aerial survey.
- Y-12E : Variant with 18 passenger seats. PT6A-135A engines of equal horsepower but increased torque driving four-bladed propellers.[2]
- Y-12F : Variant currently under development with wider fuselage, retractable landing gear and more powerful engines.[3]
- Turbo Panda : Export name for (II) version, marketed by England and Japanese companies. No real order due to airworthiness certification.
- Twin Panda : Originally (II) version for export. Later a modified Y-12(IV) powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-34 turboprop engines and fitted with uprated undercarriage, upgraded avionics and interior. Thity-five orders reportedly received by 2000 but production not proceeded with.
[edit] Operators
[edit] Military operators
Cambodia
People's Republic of China
Eritrea
Guyana
Iran
Kenya
Mauritania
Mongolia
Myanmar
Namibia
Pakistan
Paraguay
Peru
Sri Lanka
Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
[edit] Governmental operators
- People's Republic of China
Seychelles
[edit] Civil operators
Bangladesh
- People's Republic of China
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Indonesia
Kiribati
Laos
Malaysia
- Mongolia
Nepal
- Uganda
Vanuatu
- Nepal
Venezuela
[edit] Specifications (Y-12 (II))
Data from Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000 [4]
General characteristics
Performance
- Maximum speed: 328 km/h (177 knots, 204 mph) at 3,000m (9,840 ft) (max cruise)
- Cruise speed: 250 km/h (135 knots, 155 mph) at 3,000m (9,840 ft) (econ cruise)
- Range: 1,340 km (723 NM, 832 mi) at econ cruise, 45 min reserves
- Service ceiling: 7,000 m (23,000 ft)
- Rate of climb: 8.1 m/s (1,595 ft/min)
[edit] See also
- Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
- Related lists
[edit] References
[edit] Bibliography
- Taylor, John W R. (ed.). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988-89. Coulsdon, Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group, 1988. ISBN 07106-0867-5.
- Taylor, Michael J.H. (ed.). Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000. London: Brassey's, 1999. ISBN 1 85753 245 7.
[edit] External links
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