Hardoi
| Hardoi | |
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| Coordinates | 27°25′N 80°07′E / 27.42°N 80.12°ECoordinates: 27°25′N 80°07′E / 27.42°N 80.12°E |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District(s) | Hardoi |
| Population | 112,474 (2001[update]) |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) |
| Area |
• 134 metres (440 ft) |
Hardoi (Hindi: हरदोई, Urdu: ہردوئی) is a city and a municipal board in Hardoi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Hardoi District.
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[edit] Geography
Hardoi is located at 27°25′N 80°07′E / 27.42°N 80.12°E.[1] It has an average elevation of 134 metres (439 feet).Hardoi district is contiguous of Shahjahanpur and Lakhimpur Kheri districts on the north, Lucknow and Unnao districts on the south, Kanpur and Farrukhabad districts on the west and Sitapur district on the east. Hardoi is located at 110 km from Lucknow (capital of Uttar Pradesh) and 394 from New Delhi (capital of India). The Ganges and several of its tributaries are crossing the south of Hardoi district. Its area is 5947 km². The record height is 500 ft. In 1995, Hardoi district had 5 km² of dense forest and 13 km² of open forest.
The great temple of God Shiva called as 'Baba Sunasirnath' is one of most alluring and venerated place in Mallawan region, people not only from Hardoi but even from other districts come to visit this heavenly place. According to people, some British officers tried to demolish this temple along with the 'shivalinga' but as soon as they hit the shivalinga, large no of snakes, bees and other poisonous creatures attacked them. All the Britishers fled away from that place and could never forget the horrific experiences of Sunasirnath temple.
Since then the region witnesses great rush mostly in the "sawan" month and local people worship the shivalinga everyday.
[edit] History
[edit] Name origin
People believe that the name Hardoi comes from distorted version of its earlier name Haridrohi, which is a Hindi word that means "anti to the God". According to a mythological story in past it was ruled by a king Hirnakashyap, who didn’t have faith in God, but instead declared himself as God. He wanted the people should pray him but later his own son Prahlad rebelled. He tried to kill his own son by various means but he was unsuccessful. Later, to save Prahlad, God himself came in disguise, such that he was neither human nor animal, and killed "HIRNAKASHYAP". According to some scholars the term "Hardoi" originated from the term "Haridwaya" which means two Gods. Since there were two Gods Baman bhagvan (in the regime of King 'BALI) and Narsimha Bhagvan (in the regime of King HIRANYAKASHIPU) had been incarnated hence the place called Haridwaya and later called Hardoi.
[edit] Muslim occupation
Hardoi is first mentioned during the Muslim rule.In 1028, Bwan was invaded by Sayyid Salara Masgud. However, Muslim didn’t occupy the region until 1217. Many battles between the Mogul and Afghan empires took place in Hardoi district due to the situation of the district. Humayun was defeated by Sher Shah Suri between the cities of Bilgram and Sandi and he escaped by crossing the river Ganges with the help of a bhisti to whome he had made the king for oneday after regaing the throne.
Later, in February 1856, Hardoi, as a part of Oudh, became part of the British territory after Lord Dalhousie's proclamation. The headquarters of the district were at first Mallawan, but then became Hardoi after the Sepoy Mutiny.
Hardoi is a place in the entire world where we have a many old temples which are world famous,Such as Neemsaar,Sarvan Devi and BabaMandir.
[edit] Economy
In 1901, the main activities were wood-carving industry, salpetre works and grain trade. The district exported grain, sugar, hides, tobacco and salpetre.
[edit] Agriculture
Agriculture is the main activity in the district and many people depend on it. 3980.45 km² of Hardoi district are devoted to agriculture. The main crops are paddy, sugarcane, wheat, vegetables, pulses and oilseeds. A small proportion of the total cultivated are is used for horticulture : guava, mangos, some herbs, etc. Irrigation is made possible by the presence of the Hardoi and Lucknow branches of the Sarda Canal.
[edit] Industry
Generally people of the district depends upon the Agriculture based economy. At present the important industries of Hardoi district are as follows.
- M/s SAF YEAST Co. Ltd. Sandila
- M/s Metal Wire Pvt. Limited Sandila
- M/s Baba Gauri Shankar Floor Mill, Hardoi
- M/s Kit Ply India (Sugar Unit) Rupapur, Shahabad
- M/s Engineers Group ( P.K.Enterprises), Hardoi
The Major industry in the district is M/s SAF YEAST Co. Ltd. at Sandila tehsil of District Hardoi. The second plant of the Company was established in 1990 in Sandila (First Plant at Chiplun in Maharastra in year 1981) with the collaboration of France (The World's largest producers of yeast). This company is the single largest producer of yeast in India. The Company apart from producing baker's yeast also produces yeast for application like wine making, feed yeast, probiotic yeast, yeast extract, yeast based natural flavors, distillery, pharmaceuticals. The company has established Leon Research Center in the in the year 1989 to develop appropriate technology for industrial technology for industrial application of yeast in India. The Department of Science & Technology, Govt. Of India have recognized this center as a Research Laboratory.
[edit] Transport
Hardoi is connected to the following cities :
- Lucknow (capital of Uttar Pradesh) : 102 km by railway track and 110 km by road.
- Kanpur : 140 km by road.
- New Delhi (capital of India) : 394 km by railway track & road.
- Bareily 142 kms by road
[edit] Education
[edit] Degree Colleges
- Maharana Pratap Government Post Graduate College, Hardoi (Government Degree college, Hardoi/G.D.C., Hardoi)
- Cane Society Nehru Degree College, Hardoi
- Arya Kanya Degree College, Hardoi
[edit] Senior Secondary Schools/Inter Colleges
- R. R. Inter College, Hardoi
- G. I. C., Hardoi
- Maharishi Vidya Mandir, Hardoi
- Saint James Senior Secondary School, Hardoi
- Bal Vidya Bhawan Public School, Hardoi
- Sri Guru Ram Rai Public school, Hardoi
- St Xaviers senior secondary School,Hardoi
- Shree Veni Madhav Girls Inter College, Hardoi
- Lal Bahadur Shastri Inter College, Hardoi
- Arya Kanya Girls Inter College, Hardoi
[edit] Other institutes
[edit] Raja Todarmal Survey and Land Record Institute, Hardoi
Raja Todarmal Survey and Land Record Institute provides training to IAS, IPS, PCS, PPS, Naiab Tehsildars, ACO and Kanoongo trainees. Facilities include hostel, guest house, auditorium, lecture theaters, computer lab and a residential colony. Location: Lucknow Road, Hardoi
[edit] D.I.E.T., Hardoi
D.I.E.T., Hardoi provides training to BTC Teachers & others.
[edit] Demographics
As of 2011[update] India census,[2] Hardoi had a population of 4,091,380. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Average literacy rate of Hardoi in 2011 were 68.89 compared to 51.88 of 2001, lower than the national average of 74.9%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 59%.[3] In Hardoi, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.
[edit] References
- ^ "Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Hardoi". Fallingrain.com. http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Hardoi.html. Retrieved 2011-11-10.
- ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
- ^ Er. Ashok Kumar says: (2011-05-19). "Hardoi Census 2011 Highlights | Census 2011 Indian Population". Census2011.co.in. http://www.census2011.co.in/news/678-hardoi-census-2011-highlights.html. Retrieved 2011-11-10.
[edit] External links
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