Hassan Fathy
| Hassan Fathy | |
|---|---|
| Born | March 23, 1900 Alexandria, Egypt |
| Died | November 30, 1989 (aged 89) Cairo, Egypt |
| Nationality | Egyptian |
| Awards | Aga Khan Award for Architecture Chairman's Award (1980), Balzan Prize for Architecture and Urban Planning (1980), Right Livelihood Award (1980) |
Hassan Fathy (1900 – 1989, Arabic: حسن فتحي) was a noted Egyptian architect who pioneered appropriate technology for building in Egypt, especially by working to re-establish the use of mud brick (or adobe) and traditional as opposed to western building designs and lay-outs. Fathy was recognized with the Aga Khan Award for Architecture Chairman's Award in 1980.
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[edit] Early life
Hassan Fathy was born in Alexandria in 1900. He trained as an architect in Egypt, graduating in 1926 from the King Fuad University (now Cairo University).
[edit] Career
Hassan Fathy was cosmopolitan trilingual professor-engineer-architect, amateur musician, dramatist, and inventor. He designed nearly 160 separate projects, from modest country retreats to fully planned communities with police, fire, and medical services, with markets, schools and theatres, with places for worship and others for recreation, including many, functional buildings including laundry facilities, ovens, and wells. He utilized ancient design methods and materials, and integrated a knowledge of the rural Egyptian economic situation with a wide knowledge of ancient architectural and town design techniques. He trained local inhabitants to make their own materials and build their own buildings.
He began teaching at the College of Fine Arts in 1930 and designed his first mud brick buildings in the late 1930s.
He worked on New Gourna, a town for the resettlement of Grave robbery which was designed for beauty and built with mud between 1946 and 1952. This project was noticed in Europe being applauded in a popular British weekly during 1947 and then in a British professional journal six months later; further article were published in Spanish, French[citation needed] and in Dutch.[citation needed]
In 1953 he returned, heading the Architectural Section of the Faculty of Fine Arts, Cairo, in 1954.
Fathy's next major engagement, designing and supervising school construction for Egypt's Ministry of Education.
In 1957, frustrated with bureaucracy and convinced that buildings would speak louder than words, he moved to Athens to collaborate with international planners evolving the principles of ekistical design under the direction of Constantinos Doxiadis. He served as the advocate of traditional natural-energy solutions in major community projects for Iraq, and Pakistan and undertook, under related auspices, extended travel and research for 'Cities of the Future' program in Africa.[citation needed]
Returning to Cairo in 1963, he moved to Darb al-Labbana, near the Citadel, where he lived and worked for the rest of his life in the intervals between speaking and consulting engagements. As a man with a riveting message in an era searching for alternatives, in fuel, in personal interactions and in economic supports.
He moved from his first major international appearance at the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Boston in 1969, to multiple trips per year as a leading critical member of the architectural profession].
His book on Gourna, published in a limited edition in 1969, became even more influential in 1973 with its new English title 'Architecture for the Poor'.
His participation in the first U.N. Habitat conference in 1976 in Vancouver which was followed shortly by two events that significantly shaped the rest of his activities. He began to serve on the steering committee for the nascent Aga Khan Award for Architecture and he founded and set guiding principles for his Institute of Appropriate Technology.
In 1980, he was awarded the Balzan Prize for Architecture and Urban Planning and the Right Livelihood Award.
He held several government positions and died in Cairo in 1989.
[edit] Legacy
Fathy is Egypt's best known architect since Imhotep.
An appreciation of the importance of Fathy's contribution to world architecture became clear only as the twentieth century waned. Climatic conditions, public health considerations, and ancient craft skills also affected his design decisions. Based on the structural massing of ancient buildings, Fathy incorporated dense brick walls and traditional courtyard forms to provide passive cooling.[1] Fathy is also renowned for having revived the traditional Nubian vault.[2]
[edit] Personal life
Fathy married once, to Aziza Hassanein, sister of Ahmed Pasha Hassanein. He designed a villa for her along the Nile in Maadi, which was destroyed to make way for the corniche. He also designed her brother's maosoleum (1947), along Salah Salem, in neo_mameluke style.
The children of his five brothers and sisters, aware of the obligation to preserve the heritage of their uncle tried to make sure that the materials transmitting his ideals and his art will remain available in Egypt, for the future benefit that country.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hassan Fathy |
- ^ Roth, Leland M. (1993). Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning (First ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. pp. 118. ISBN 0-06-430158-3.
- ^ collective, dir. Serge Santelli (2011-2012). Hassan Fathy, An Egyptian Ambition. Gezira Art Center.
- Fathy, Hassan (1976). Architecture for the Poor : An Experiment in Rural Egypt. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-23916-0.
- Fathy, Hassan; Shearer, Walter (Editor) (1986). Natural Energy and Vernacular Architecture : Principles and Examples, With Reference to Hot Arid Climates. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-23917-9.
- Steele, James (1997). An Architecture for People : The Complete Works of Hassan Fathy. Whitney Library of Design. ISBN 0-8230-0226-8.
- Max Nobbs-Thiessen (2006)Contested Representations and the Building of Modern Egypt: The Architecture of Hassan Fathy (MA Thesis) Simon Fraser University.
- Abdel-moniem M. El-shorbagyThe architecture of Hassan Fathy : between western and non-western perspectives : a thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Canterbury.
- Abdel-moniem El-Shorbagy, Hassan Fathy: The Unacknowledged Conscience Of Twentieth Century Architecture. A paper published in the International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS-IJENS Vol:10 Issue: 02, 10 April 2010.
http://www.ijens.org/104002-7878%20IJBAS-IJENS.pdf
