Hawaii's 2nd congressional district

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district
Distribution	83.65% urban, 16.35% rural
Population (2000)	604,819
Median income	$48,686
Ethnicity	29.8% White, 1.6% Black, 28.8% Asian, 9.0% Hispanic, 0.4% Native American, 13.5% other
Cook PVI	D+14

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The district encompasses all rural and most suburban areas that are part of the City and County of Honolulu, which covers all of the island of Oahu. While the urban areas of Oahu are part of the Hawaii's 1st Congressional District, the 2nd Congressional District includes all of the Windward, North Shore, Central, and Leeward regions of Oahu. It also includes the entire state outside of Oahu. This includes the areas located in the counties of Kauai (which includes the islands of Kauaʻi, Niʻihau, Lehua, and Kaʻula), Maui (which consists of the islands of Maui, Kahoolawe, Lānai, Molokai except for a portion of Molokai that comprises Kalawao County, and Molokini) and Hawaii coextensive with the Island of Hawaiʻi, often called "the Big Island." The district spans 331 miles. The most populous city entirely within the district is Hilo. Major segments of the economy include tourism, ranching, and agriculture, especially pineapple and sugarcane cultivation.

The district is currently represented by first term Representative Democrat Tulsi Gabbard.

The district from 2003 to 2013

History [edit]

When Hawaii and Alaska were admitted to the Union in 1959, both new states were granted one at-large Representative to Congress pending the next United States Census. In the reapportionment following the 1960 U.S. Census, Hawaii was entitled to a second U.S. Representative. Instead of creating two congressional districts, the state continued to elect its U.S. Representatives at-large. Two representatives were first elected in 1962 and Hawaii was first represented by two U.S. Representatives on January 2, 1963 upon the convening of the 88th Congress.

The 2nd Congressional District was created in 1971 when Hawaii began electing its representatives from districts instead of electing an at-large U.S. Representative statewide.

Political profile [edit]

Historically, the 2nd Congressional District has been the more Democratic of the state's two districts, with a Cook Partisan Voting Index of D+21.

In 2004, President George W. Bush received 44 percent of the vote in this district to 56 percent for Democrat John Kerry.

In 2008, Democrat and Hawaii native Barack Obama carried this district overwhelmingly with 73 percent of the vote.

Residency requirement [edit]

Under the U.S. Constitution, a candidate for this district only has to be a resident of Hawaii, but does not have to live in the tp be seen district itself. The first non-resident to be elected to this U.S. House seat was Ed Case, a Honolulu attorney, though Case was born and raised on the Big Island of Hawaii. The home state office of the Second Congressional District is at the Prince Kuhio Federal Building near Honolulu Harbor.

List of representatives [edit]

Representative	Party	Years	Congress(es)	Notes
Patsy Mink	Democratic	January 3, 1971 — January 3, 1977	92nd	Redistricted from the At-large seat, and re-elected in 1970
			93rd	Re-elected in 1972
			94th	Re-elected in 1974 Retired to run for U.S. Senator
Daniel Akaka	Democratic	January 3, 1977 — May 15, 1990	95th	Elected in 1976
			96th	Re-elected in 1978
			97th	Re-elected in 1980
			98th	Re-elected in 1982
			99th	Re-elected in 1984
			100th	Re-elected in 1986
			101st	Re-elected in 1988 Resigned when appointed to the U.S. Senate
Vacant		May 15, 1990 — September 22, 1990	101st (Continued)
Patsy Mink	Democratic	September 22, 1990 — September 28, 2002	101st	Elected in 1990
			102nd	Re-elected in 1990
			103rd	Re-elected in 1992
			104th	Re-elected in 1994
			105th	Re-elected in 1996
			106th	Re-elected in 1998
			107th	Re-elected in 2000 Died, but re-elected posthumously
Vacant		September 28, 2002 — November 30, 2002	107th (Continued)
Ed Case	Democratic	November 30, 2002 — January 3, 2007	107th (Continued)	Elected November 30, 2002
			108th	Re-elected January 4, 2003
			109th	Re-elected in 2004 Retired to run for U.S. Senator
Mazie Hirono	Democratic	January 3, 2007 — January 3, 2013	110th	Elected in 2006
			111th	Re-elected in 2008
			112th	Re-elected in 2010 Retired to run for U.S. Senator
Tulsi Gabbard	Democratic	January 3, 2013 — Present	113th	Elected in 2012

Election results [edit]

1970 • 1972 • 1974 • 1976 • 1978 • 1980 • 1982 • 1984 • 1986 • 1988 • 1990 (Special) • 1990 • 1992 • 1994 • 1996 • 1998 • 2000 • 2002 • 2002 (Special) • 2003 (Special) • 2004 • 2006 • 2008 • 2010 • 2012

1970 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 1970^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Patsy Mink	91,038	100.00%
Totals			91,038	100.0%
	Democratic win (new seat)

1972 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 1972^[2]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (incumbent)	79,856	57.08%
	Republican	Diana Hansen-Young	60,043	42.92%
Totals			139,899	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1974 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 1974^[3]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (incumbent)	86,916	62.58%
	Republican	Carla W. Coray	51,984	37.42%
Totals			138,900	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1976 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 1976^[4]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka	124,116	79.51%
	Republican	Hank Inouye	23,917	15.32%
	Independents for Godly Government	Bill Penaroza	3,461	2.22%
	People's Party	Dexter Cate	2,408	1.54%
	Libertarian	Don Smith	2,197	1.41%
Totals			156,099	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1978 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 1978^[5]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka (incumbent)	118,272	85.73%
	Republican	Charlie Isaak	15,697	11.38%
	Libertarian	Amelia L. Fritts	3,988	2.89%
Totals			137,957	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1980 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 1980^[6]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka (incumbent)	141,477	89.90%
	Libertarian	Don Smith	15,903	10.10%
Totals			157,380	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1982 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 1982^[7]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka (incumbent)	132,072	89.23%
	Nonpartisan	Gregory B. Mills	9,080	6.14%
	Libertarian	Amelia L. Fritts	6,856	4.63%
Totals			148,008	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1984 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 1984^[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka (incumbent)	112,377	82.18%
	Republican	A.D. (Al) Shipley	20,000	14.63%
	Libertarian	Amelia L. Fritts	4,364	3.19%
Totals			136,741	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1986 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 1986^[9]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka (incumbent)	123,830	76.05%
	Republican	Maria M. Hustace	35,371	21.73%
	Libertarian	Ken Schoolland	3,618	2.22%
Totals			162,819	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1988 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 1988^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka (incumbent)	144,802	88.94%
	Libertarian	Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan	18,006	11.06%
Totals			162,808	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1990 (Special) [edit]

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district special election, 1986^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Patsy Mink	51,841	37.35%
	Democratic	Mufi Hannemann	50,164	36.14%
	Democratic	Ron Menor	23,629	17.02%
	Republican	Andy Poepoe	8,872	6.39%
	Republican	Stanley Monsef	2,264	1.63%
	Democratic	Duane A. Black	1,242	0.90%
	Libertarian	Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan	791	0.57%
Totals			138,803	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1990 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 1990^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (incumbent)	118,155	66.27%
	Republican	Andy Poepoe	54,625	30.64%
	Libertarian	Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan	5,508	3.09%
Totals			178,288	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1992 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 1992^[13]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (incumbent)	131,454	72.65%
	Republican	Kamuela Price	40,070	22.14%
	Libertarian	Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan	9,431	5.21%
Totals			180,955	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1994 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 1994^[14]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (incumbent)	124,431	70.14%
	Republican	Robert H. (Lopaka) Garner	42,891	24.18%
	Libertarian	Larry Bartley	10,074	5.68%
Totals			177,396	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1996 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 1996^[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (incumbent)	109,178	60.33%
	Republican	Tom Pico, Jr.	55,729	30.80%
	Nonpartisan	Nolan Crabbe	7,723	4.27%
	Libertarian	James M. Keefe	4,769	2.64%
	Natural Law	Amanda (Mandy) Toulon	3,564	1.97%
Totals			180,963	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1998 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 1998^[16]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (incumbent)	144,254	69.40%
	Republican	Carol J. Douglass	50,423	24.25%
	Libertarian	Noreen Leilehua Chun	13,194	6.35%
Totals			207,871	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2000 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 2000^[17]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (incumbent)	112,856	61.59%
	Republican	Russ Francis	65,906	35.97%
	Libertarian	Lawrence G.K. Duquesne	4,468	2.44%
Totals			183,230	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2002 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 2002^[18]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (incumbent)	100,671	56.16%
	Republican	Bob McDermott	71,661	39.98%
	Libertarian	Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan	4,719	2.63%
	Natural Law	Nick Bedworth	2,200	1.23%
Totals			179,251	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2002 (Special) [edit]

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district special election, 2002^[19]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Ed Case	23,576	51.44%
	Democratic	John Mink	16,624	36.27%
	Republican	John Carroll	1,933	4.22%
	Republican	Whitney Anderson	942	2.06%
	No party	34 others	2,754	5.96%
Totals			46,216	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2003 (Special) [edit]

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district special election, 2003^[20]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Ed Case (incumbent)	33,002	43.24%
	Democratic	Matt Matsunaga	23,050	30.20%
	Democratic	Colleen Hanabusa	6,046	7.92%
	Republican	Barbara Marumoto	4,497	5.89%
	Republican	Bob McDermott	4,298	5.63%
	No party	39 others	5,435	7.12%
Totals			76,328	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2004 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 2004^[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Ed Case (incumbent)	133,317	62.77%
	Republican	Mike Gabbard	79,072	37.23%
Totals			212,389	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2006 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 2006^[22]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Mazie Hirono	106,906	61.04%
	Republican	Bob Hogue	68,244	38.96%
Totals			175,150	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2008 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 2008^[23]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Mazie Hirono (incumbent)	165,748	76.06%
	Republican	Roger B. Evans	44,425	20.39%
	Independent	Shaun Stenshol	4,042	1.86%
	Libertarian	Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan	3,699	1.70%
Totals			217,914	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2010 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 2010^[24]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Mazie Hirono (incumbent)	132,290	72.19%
	Republican	John W. Willoughby	46,404	25.32%
	Libertarian	Pat Brock	3,254	1.78%
	Nonpartisan	Andrew V. Von Sonn	1,310	0.72%
Totals			183,258	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2012 [edit]

United States House of Representatives elections, 2012^[25]
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage
	Democratic	Tulsi Gabbard	168,466	80.54%
	Republican	Kawika Crowley	40,697	19.45%
		Blank Votes	5,631	N/A%
		Over Votes	73	N/A%
Totals			214,867	100%
	Democratic hold

References [edit]

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

[1] 1970 Election Results

[2] 1972 Election Results

[3] 1974 Election Results

[4] 1976 Election Results

[5] 1978 Election Results

[6] 1980 Election Results

[7] 1982 Election Results

[8] 1984 Election Results

[9] 1986 Election Results

[10] 1988 Election Results

[11] 1990 Special Election Results

[12] 1990 Election Results

[13] 1992 Election Results

[14] 1994 Election Results

[15] 1996 Election Results

[16] 1998 Election Results

[17] 2000 Election Results

[18] 2002 Election Results

[19] 2002 Special Election Results

[20] 2003 Special Election Results

[21] 2004 Election Results

[22] 2006 Election Results

[23] 2008 Election Results

[24] 2010 Election Results

[25] 2012 Election Results

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Hawaii's 2nd congressional district
Current Representative		Tulsi Gabbard (D–Honolulu)
Distribution	83.65% urban, 16.35% rural
Population (2000)	604,819
Median income	$48,686
Ethnicity	29.8% White, 1.6% Black, 28.8% Asian, 9.0% Hispanic, 0.4% Native American, 13.5% other
Cook PVI	D+14