Hawkbit
| Hawkbits | |
|---|---|
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| Leontodon pyrenaicus subsp. helveticus | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Tribe: | Cichorieae |
| Genus: | Leontodon L. |
| Species | |
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see text |
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Hawkbits (Leontodon spp. and Scorzoneroides spp.) are dandelion-like flowers in the family Asteraceae (Compositae). Their English name derives from the mediæval belief that hawks ate the plant to improve their eyesight. Although originally native to Eurasia and North Africa, they have since become established in other countries, including the United States[1] and New Zealand.[2]
Recent research has shown the genus Leontodon to be polyphyletic. These results show it to consist of two monophyletic groups, however. The subgenus Leontodon subg. Leontodon is related to genera such as Picris and Hypochaeris. The subgenus Leontodon subg. Oporinia is not part of that group and may be raised to generic level as the genus Scorzoneroides.[3]
In Crete, the species Leontodon tuberosus which is called γλυκοβύζια (glykovyzia), γλυκοράδικα (glykoradika) or βυζάκια (vyzakia) has its roots eaten raw and its leaves eaten steamed.[4]
Contents |
[edit] Species of Leontodon
The genus contains about 50 species, of which three have been naturalized in North America or New Zealand.[1][2]
[edit] Leontodon subg. Leontodon
- L. borii
- L. crispus
- L. filii
- L. hirtus
- L. hispidus (commonly known in England as Rough Hawkbit)
- L. incanus
- L. marrocanus
- L. repens (L. caucasicus)
- L. rigens
- L. schischkinii (sometimes considered part of L. hispidus)
- L. siculus
- L. taraxacoides (L. saxatilis, L. leysseri)
- L. tuberosus
[edit] Leontodon subg. Oporinia/Scorzoneroides
- L. autumnalis (S. autumnalis)
- L. carpetanus (S. carpetana)
- L. cichoraceus (S. cichoriacea)
- L. croceus (S. crocea)
- L. duboisii (S. duboisii)
- L. hellenicus (S. helvetica)
- L. hispidulus (S. hispidula)
- L. keretinus (S. keretina)
- L. microcephalus (S. microcephala)
- L. montanus (S. montana)
- L. muelleri (S. muelleri)
- L. pyrenaicus (S. pyrenaica)
- L. salzmannii (S. salzmannii)
[edit] References
- ^ a b "52. Leontodon Linnaeus", Flora of North America, http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=117988
- ^ a b "LEONTODON L.", Flora of New Zealand, http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/Taxon.aspx?id=_8d8e0edb-5cf9-4ca1-a419-23b41e8d5f9c&fileName=Flora%204.xml#_8d8e0edb-5cf9-4ca1-a419-23b41e8d5f9c
- ^ a b Rosabelle Samuel, Walter Gutermann, Tod F. Stuessy, Claudete F. Ruas, Hans-Walter Lack, Karin Tremetsberger, Salvador Talavera, Barbara Hermanowski and Friedrich Ehrendorfer (2006), "Molecular phylogenetics reveals Leontodon (Asteraceae, Lactuceae) to be diphyletic", American Journal of Botany 93: 1193–1205, doi:10.3732/ajb.93.8.1193, PMID 21642184
- ^ Kleonikos G. Stavridakis, Κλεόνικος Γ. Σταυριδάκης (2006). Wild edible plants of Crete - Η Άγρια βρώσιμη χλωρίδα της Κρήτης. Rethymnon Crete. ISBN 960-631-179-1.
- ^ a b Euro+Med Plantbase
- ^ Greuter, W., Gutermann, W. & Talavera, S., "A preliminary conspectus of Scorzoneroides (Compositae, Cichorieae) with validation of the required new names" (PDF), Willdenowia 36: 689–692, doi:10.3372/wi.36.36204, ISSN 0511-9618, http://www.bgbm.org/willdenowia/w-pdf/wi36-2Greuter+al.pdf
