The heckel-clarina, also known as clarina or patent clarina, is a very rare woodwind instrument, invented and manufactured by Wilhelm Heckel in Wiesbaden-Biebrich, Germany. Heckel received a patent for the instrument on 8 December, 1889.[1] It was apparently intended to be used for the shepherd’s pipe solo in Act III of Wagner's Tristan und Isolde.[1] It was used beginning in 1891 at the Festspielhaus, Bayreuth as a substitute for Wagner's Holztrompete. The clarina was found more practical and more effective in producing the desired tone-colour.[2]
The heckel-clarina is a single reed, conical bore instrument made of metal, resembling a soprano saxophone.[1] It has the fingering of the oboe and the clarinet single-reed mouthpiece.[2] Two versions, one a transposing instrument in B♭ and one in E♭, were produced. According to Heckel's promotional materials, the heckel-clarina's tone resembled that of a cor anglais in its low register, a saxophone in the middle, and a clarinet in its upper range.[1] The compass of the B♭ instrument is:[2]
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The clarina was found very effective as a solo instrument.[2] The instrument is not to be confused with the heckelphone-clarinet, also a very rare conical bore single reed woodwind by Heckel but lower in pitch and made of wood.
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d Dullat, Günter (2001). Klarinetten: Grundzüge ihrer Entwicklung. Frankfurt am Main: Bochinsky.
- ^ a b c d
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Clarina". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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