Heinrich Mark

Heinrich Mark
5th Prime Minister in duties of the President
In office March 1, 1990 – October 6, 1992
Preceded by	Tõnis Kint
Succeeded by	President Lennart Meri (in country)
Acting Prime Minister of Estonian Exile Government
In office 1971–1990
Preceded by	Tõnis Kint
Succeeded by	Enno Penno
Secretary of State of Estonian Exile Government
In office 1953–1971
Preceded by	Helmut Maandi
Succeeded by	Arved Ruusa
Personal details
Born	October 1, 1911 Krootuse, Kõlleste Parish, Põlva County, Estonia
Died	August 2, 2004 Stockholm, Sweden
Nationality	Estonian
Spouse(s)	Alice Vreeman
Alma mater	University of Tartu

Heinrich Mark was born on October 1, 1911, in Krootuse, Kõlleste Parish, now in Põlva County, Estonia. He died on August 2, 2004, in Stockholm, Sweden.

He was Prime Minister in duties of the President of the Republic of Estonia from March 1, 1990, to October 6, 1992, being the last Estonian head of state in exile, as Estonian independence was restored in 1991.

1953–1971 Secretary of State, 1971–1990 Acting Prime Minister, 1971–1973 Minister of War and 1973–1990 minister of the Estonian Exile Government.

Studied in Võru, graduated from the Teachers' Seminar of Tartu. In 1933–1938 studied at the legal department of Tartu University.

In 1938–1940 elementary school teacher. In 1940 solicitor to the barrister P. Sepp in Tartu, in 1941–1943 a solicitor in Tallinn. In 1940, after the occupation of Estonia was a secretary of Tartu University for a short period, left on the recommendation of the rector Hans Kruus. In 1940, put up a candidacy for the Riigivolikogu elections as an alternative candidate to the Estonian Working People's Union, was deleted from the list of candidates. Later hid in Estonia, escaped to Finland in 1943, was one of the organisers of the Estonian Bureau (an Estonian exile organisation) and assistant to the Editor-in-Chief of the "Malevlane" (a newspaper of the Estonians in the Finnish Army).

In 1944 moved to Sweden, was an assistant at the National Committee of Foreigners. In 1945– 1956, was Chairman of the education working group of the Estonian Committee, 1954–1975 Director of the Bureau and assistant Chairman of the Estonian Committee, 1975–1982 Chairman of the Estonian Committee, from 1982 Honorary Chairman of the Estonian Committee. In 1951–1979 Secretary-General of the Estonian National Council.

Honours and decorations

In 1998 Honorary Doctor of Law of Tartu University. Honorary Member of the Estonian Literature Society, Golden Badge of the Estonian National Foundation, the I Class Gold Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland, the II Class Order of the National Coat of Arms of the Republic of Estonia.

Political offices
Preceded by Helmut Maandi	State Secretary of Estonia (in exile) 1953–1971	Succeeded by Arved Ruusa
Preceded by Tõnis Kint	Prime Minister of Estonia in exile 1971–1990	Succeeded by Enno Penno
Preceded by Tõnis Kint	Prime Minister in duties of the President 1990–1992	Succeeded by Lennart Meri (President of Estonia)