Help:IPA for Sanskrit

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Sanskrit pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

Sanskrit has many complex phonological processes, called sandhi, that alter sounds due to the presence of neighboring sounds at morpheme or word boundaries. See Shiksha for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Sanskrit.

Consonants IPA Nagari IAST English equivalent b ब b abash bʱ भ bh abhor c च c catch cʰ छ ch choose d̪ द d other d̪ʱ ध dh adhere ɖ ड ḍ guard ɖʱ ढ ḍh guardhouse ɡ ग g agate ɡʱ घ gh pigheaded h ः ḥ head ɦ ह h ahead j य y yak ɟ ज j hedge ɟʱ झ jh hedgehog k क k scan kʰ ख kh can l̪ ल l leaf m म m much n̪ न n not ɳ ण ṇ burner ɲ ञ ñ canyon ŋ ङ ṅ bank p प p span pʰ फ ph pan r र r s̪ स s sue ʂ ष ṣ roughly like worship ɕ श ś roughly like sheep t̪ त t stable t̪ʰ थ th table ʈ ट ṭ art ʈʰ ठ ṭh art-historian ʋ व v Somewhat like vine

Vowels IPA Nagari IAST English equivalent ə अ, प a tomorrow ɑː आ, पा ā bra eː ए, पे e Somewhat like wait i इ, पि i happy iː ई, पी ī feet l̩ ऌ, पॢ ḷ Syllabic ‹l›: bottle l̩ː ॡ, पॣ ḹ Long syllabic ‹l› oː ओ, पो o old r̩ ऋ, पृ ṛ Syllabic ‹r›: better r̩ː ॠ, पॄ ṝ Long syllabic ‹r›: bird u उ, पु u look uː ऊ, पू ū loot əi ऐ, पै ai eye əu औ, पौ au owl Other symbols IPA Nagari IAST English equivalent  ̃ ँ ṃ nasal vowel ([ãː], [õː], etc.) ˈ stress (placed before stressed syllable)

References

• Zieba, Maciej; Stiehl, Ulrich (June 9 2002). "The Original Pronunciation of Sanskrit". Ulrich Stiehl. Retrieved 27 September 2011.