Henri Langlois

Henri Langlois
Born	(1914-11-13)13 November 1914 İzmir, Ottoman Empire
Died	13 January 1977(1977-01-13) (aged 62) Paris, France
Occupation	Co-founder and director of the Cinémathèque Française
Known for	Film preservation, film archiving, film history. cinephilia
Partner(s)	Mary Meerson

Henri Langlois (13 November 1914, İzmir, Ottoman Empire – 13 January 1977) was a French film archivist and cinephile. A pioneer of film preservation, Langlois was an influential figure in the history of cinema. His film screenings in Paris in the 1950s are often credited with providing the ideas that led to the development of the auteur theory.

Langlois was co-founder of the Cinémathèque Française with Georges Franju and Jean Mitry and also co-founder of the International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF) in 1938. Through close collaboration with the Cinémathèque's longtime Chief Archivist, Lotte Eisner, he worked to preserve films and film history in the post-war era. An eccentric who was often at the center of controversy for his methods, he also served as a key influence on the generation of young cinephiles and critics who would become the French New Wave.

In 1974, Langlois received an honorary Academy Award for "his devotion to the art of film, his massive contributions in preserving its past and his unswerving faith in its future."

Career at the Cinémathèque Française

Henri Langlois, Georges Franju and Jean Mitry founded the Cinémathèque Française, their Paris-based film theater and museum, in 1936. It grew from ten films in 1936 to more than 60,000 films by the early 70s. More than just an archivist, Langlois saved many films which were at risk of vanishing. Besides films, Langlois also helped to preserve other items related to cinema such as cameras, projection machines, costumes and vintage theater programmes. These items would evolve into Langlois' museum collection, which was a two-mile span of film artifacts and memorabilia in the Palais de Chaillot. The collection was relocated due to damage from a fire in 1997.

During the Second World War, Langlois and his colleagues helped to save many films that were at risk of being destroyed due to the Nazi occupation of France.

Langlois made an important impact on the French New Wave directors François Truffaut, Jean-Luc Godard, Jacques Rivette, Claude Chabrol and Alain Resnais among others, and the generation of filmmakers that followed. Some of these filmmakers were called les enfants de la cinémathèque ("children of the cinémathèque"), as they could often be found in the front row of packed screenings.

Removal and Reinstatement

In 1968, French culture minister André Malraux tried to fire Langlois by stopping funding of the project, due to Langlois' arrogance and iron-fisted rule.

Local and international uproar ensued, and even the prestigious Cannes Film Festival was halted in protest that year. Protests in Paris included the New Wave film-makers and activist Daniel Cohn-Bendit. Support came in telegrams from renowned directors, from Hitchcock to Kurosawa to Fellini. Malraux eventually backtracked and reinstated Langlois after intense debate, while reducing museum funding.

Later life

Grave of Henri Langlois in the Cimetière du Montparnasse.

In 1974, Langlois received an honorary Academy Award for his lifetime work with the Cinémathèque. He died three years later and is interred in the Cimetière du Montparnasse in Paris.

Place Henri Langlois in the 13th arrondissement in Paris is named in his honour.

Documentaries about Langlois

In 1970, an English language documentary Henri Langlois was made about his life's work, featuring interviews with Ingrid Bergman, Lillian Gish, François Truffaut, Catherine Deneuve, Jeanne Moreau and others. The film was produced and directed by Roberto Guerra & Eila Hershon. (http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/158566/Langlois/overview)

In 2004–2005, Jacques Richard directed another documentary of Langlois's career, The Phantom of the Cinémathèque. It features interviews with friends, colleagues, academics, and such movie luminaries as Simone Signoret, Godard, Chabrol, Truffaut and his spiritual successor Jean-Michel Arnold.

In popular culture

• François Truffaut opens his 1968 film Stolen Kisses with a shot of the shuttered and locked Cinémathèque and dedicates the film to Langlois.
• Bernardo Bertolucci wove the closing of the Cinémathèque into the beginning of his 2003 film The Dreamers — a film about young lovers amidst the 1968 French uprisings.

(And in fact, he bought a clip that was used in "The Dreamers" from the 1970 documentary, "Henri Langlois" by Roberto Guerra & Eila Hershon that showed Langlois departing from a screening at the Cinémathèque.)

See also

• Musée du Cinema - Henri Langlois (no longer in existence)
• Lotte H. Eisner
• Kashiko Kawakita

References

Notes

Bibliography

• Baecque, Antoine de; Toubiana, Serge (1999). Truffaut: A Biography. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-0375400896. 
• MacCabe, Colin (2005). Godard: A Portrait of the Artist at Seventy. New York: Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-21105-0. 
• Myrent, Glenn; Langlois, Georges P. (1986). Henri Langlois: First Citizen of Cinema. Paris: Editions Denoël. 
• Roud, Richard (1983). A Passion for Films: Henri Langlois and the Cinematheque Francaise. London: Secker and Warburg. 

External links

• Henri Langlois at the Internet Movie Database
• cinemathequefrancaise.com
• Henri Langlois at Find a Grave
• Tracing the journey and impact of Henri Langlois at Indian Auteur
• CineSceneSF - The Pied Piper of the Cinematheque