Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster

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Henry Plantagenet
Earl of Lancaster and Leicester
Predecessor	Thomas Plantagenet, 2nd Earl
Successor	Henry of Grosmont, 4th Earl, later 1st Duke of Lancaster
Spouse	Maud Chaworth
Issue
Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster Blanche of Lancaster Maud of Lancaster Joan of Lancaster Isabel of Lancaster Eleanor of Lancaster Mary of Lancaster
House	House of Plantagenet
Father	Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster
Mother	Blanche of Artois
Born	c. 1281
Died	25 March 1345 (aged c. 63–64)

Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (1281 – 25 March 1345) was an English nobleman, one of the principals behind the deposition of Edward II.

Contents 1 Lineage 2 Petition for succession and inheritance 3 Revenge 4 Full restoration and reward 5 Loss of sight 6 Succession 7 Family 8 Titles, styles, honours and arms 8.1 Arms 9 Ancestry 10 Notes 11 References

[edit] Lineage

He was the younger son of Blanche of Artois and Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester,^[1] who was a son of Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence.

Henry's elder brother Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster succeeded their father in 1296, but Henry was summoned to Parliament on 6 February 1298/99 by writ directed Henrico de Lancastre nepoti Regis, by which he is held to have become Lord Lancaster. He took part in the siege of Carlaverock in July 1300.

[edit] Petition for succession and inheritance

After a period of longstanding opposition to Edward II and his advisors, including joining two open rebellions, Thomas, in 1322, was convicted of treason, executed and his lands and titles forfeited. Henry did not participate in his brother's rebellions; he later petitioned for his brother's lands and titles, and on 29 March 1324 he was invested as Earl of Leicester, and a few years later the earldom of Lancaster was also restored to him.

[edit] Revenge

On the Queen’s return to England with Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March in September 1326, Henry joined her party against King Edward II, which led to a general desertion of the King’s cause and overturned the power of Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester and his namesake son Hugh the younger Despenser.

He was sent in pursuit and captured the king at Neath in South Wales. He was appointed to take charge of the King, and was responsible for his custody at Kenilworth Castle.

[edit] Full restoration and reward

Henry was appointed chief advisor of the new king Edward III of England^[2], and was also appointed captain-general of all the King's forces in the Scottish Marches.^[3]

[edit] Loss of sight

In about the year 1330, he became blind.

[edit] Succession

He was succeeded as Earl of Lancaster and Leicester by his eldest son, Henry of Grosmont, who subsequently became Duke of Lancaster.

[edit] Family

He married Maud Chaworth, before 2 March 1296/1297.^[4]

Henry and Maud had seven children:

• Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, (about 1300-1360/61)
• Blanche of Lancaster, (about 1305 - 1380) married Thomas Wake, 2nd Baron Wake of Liddell
• Maud of Lancaster, (about 1310-1377); married William de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster
• Joan of Lancaster, (about 1312-1345); married John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray
• Isabel of Lancaster, Abbess of Ambresbury, (about 1317-after 1347)
• Eleanor of Lancaster, (about 1318-1371/72) married (1) John De Beaumont and (2) 5 Feb. 1344/5, Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel;
• Mary of Lancaster, (about 1320-1362), who married Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy, and was the mother of Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland.

[edit] Titles, styles, honours and arms

[edit] Arms

Prior to his restoration to his earldoms, Henry bore the arms of the kingdom, differenced by a bend azure. Upon his restoration, his difference changed, to a label France of three points (that is to say azure three fleur-de-lys or, each).^[5]

Shield prior to restoration

Shield as Earl of Lancaster and Leicester

[edit] Ancestry

v • d • e Ancestors of Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster

16. Henry II of England               8. John of England                       17. Eleanor of Aquitaine               4. Henry III of England                             18. Aymer of Angoulême               9. Isabella of Angoulême                       19. Alice de Courtenay               2. Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster                                   20. Alfonso II, Count of Provence               10. Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence                       21. Garsenda of Sabran               5. Eleanor of Provence                             22. Thomas I of Savoy               11. Beatrice of Savoy                       23. Marguerite of Geneva               1. Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster                                         24. Philip II of France               12. Louis VIII of France                       25. Isabelle of Hainaut               6. Robert I of Artois                             26. Alfonso VIII of Castile               13. Blanche of Castile                       27. Eleanor of England               3. Blanche of Artois                                   28. Henry I, Duke of Brabant               14. Henry II, Duke of Brabant                       29. Mathilde of Flanders               7. Matilda of Brabant                             30. Philip of Swabia               15. Marie of Hohenstaufen                       31. Irene Angelina of Byzantium

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Armitage-Smith, Sir Sydney, John of Gaunt: king of Castile and Leon, duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, (Archibald Constable and Co. Ltd., 1904), 197.
2. ^ Leese, Thelma Anna, Blood royal: issue of the kings and queens of medieval England, 1066-1399, (Heritage Book Inc., 2007), 201.
3. ^ Burke, John, A general and heraldic dictionary of the peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, (Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley:London, 1831), 424.
4. ^ Cambrian Archaeological Association, Archaeologia cambrensis, Volume 3, (W.Pickering:London, 1852), 15.
5. ^ Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family

[edit] References

• Armitage-Smith, Sir Sydney, John of Gaunt: king of Castile and Leon, duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, Archibald Constable and Co. Ltd., 1904.
• Burke, John, A general and heraldic dictionary of the peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley:London, 1831.
• Cambrian Archaeological Association, Archaeologia cambrensis, Volume 3, W.Pickering:London, 1852.
• Leese, Thelma Anna, Blood royal: issue of the kings and queens of medieval England, 1066-1399, Heritage Book Inc., 2007.

Honorary titles
Preceded by The Earl of Leicester and Lancaster	Lord High Steward 1324–1345	Succeeded by The Duke of Lancaster
Peerage of England
Preceded by Thomas	Earl of Leicester and Lancaster	Succeeded by Henry of Grosmont