Hepatitis A vaccine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Vaccine description | |
|---|---|
| Target disease | Hepatitis A |
| Type | ? |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | ? |
| ATC code | J07BC02 |
| PubChem | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
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| Legal status | |
| Routes | ? |
Hepatitis A Vaccine, (brand names include Havrix or Avaxim), is a vaccine against the Hepatitis A virus. The vaccine protects against the virus in more than 95% of cases and provides protection from the virus for at least ten years. The vaccine contains inactivated Hepatitis A virus providing active immunity against a future infection.[1]
The vaccine was first phased in around 1996 for children living in high-risk areas. In 1999, it was spread to areas with elevating levels of infection. Today, in the U.S., the vaccine is strongly recommended for all children 12 to 23 months of age in an attempt to eradicate the virus nationwide. The original FDA license for Havrix© by GlaxoSmithKline is dated in 1995, [2] it has been in use in Europe since 1993.
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the following people should be vaccinated: all children over one year of age, people whose sexual activity puts them at risk, people with chronic liver disease, people who are being treated with clotting factor concentrates, people working within close proximity to the virus, and people who are living in communities where an outbreak is present.[3] Hepatitis A is the most common vaccine-preventable virus acquired during travel,[4] so people travelling to places where the virus is common like the Indian Subcontinent, Africa, Central America, South America, the far East, and Eastern Europe should also be vaccinated.[5][3]
The vaccine should be given in the muscle of the upper arm and be given in two doses for the best protection. The initial dose of the vaccine should be followed up by a booster six to twelve months later.[3][1] Protection against Hepatitis A occurs two to four weeks after the initial vaccination;[5][3] protection following the initial course lasts at least 10 years,[6] and if the booster is given, protection lasts for upwards of 20 years.
[edit] References
- ^ a b "Avaxim". NetDoctor.co.uk. http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/100003051.html. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
- ^ "Hepatitis A Vaccine Information". Vaccine Information. ImmunizationInfo. http://www.immunizationinfo.org/vaccineInfo/vaccine_detail.cfv?id=3. Retrieved 2008-06-19.
- ^ a b c d "Hepatitis A Vaccine: What you need to know". Vaccine Information Statement. CDC. 2006-03-21. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/vis/downloads/vis-hep-a.pdf. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
- ^ "Hepatitis, Viral, Type A". Travelers' Health: Yellow Book (CDC). http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=hav.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
- ^ a b "Hepatitis A: Introduction". NHS Direct. 2006-10-10. http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articles/article.aspx?articleId=667. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
- ^ Hammitt LL, Bulkow L, Hennessy TW, et al (December 2008). "Persistence of antibody to Hepatitis A virus 10 years after vaccination among children and adults". J. Infect. Dis. 198 (12): 1776–82. doi:. PMID 18976095.
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