Hermite's identity

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In mathematics, Hermite's identity, named after Charles Hermite, gives the value of a summation involving the floor function. It states that for every real number x and for every positive integer n the following identity holds:[1][2]

Proofs[edit]

Proof by algebraic manipulation[edit]

Split into its integer part and fractional part, . There is exactly one with

By subtracting the same integer from inside the floor operations on the left and right sides of this inequality, it may be rewritten as

Therefore,

and multiplying both sides by gives

Now if the summation from Hermite's identity is split into two parts at index , it becomes

Proof using functions[edit]

Consider the function

Then the identity is clearly equivalent to the statement for all real . But then we find,

Where in the last equality we use the fact that for all integers . But then has period . It then suffices to prove that for all . But in this case, the integral part of each summand in is equal to 0. We deduce that the function is indeed 0 for all real inputs .

References[edit]

  1. ^ Savchev, Svetoslav; Andreescu, Titu (2003), "12 Hermite's Identity", Mathematical Miniatures, New Mathematical Library, vol. 43, Mathematical Association of America, pp. 41–44, ISBN 9780883856451.
  2. ^ Matsuoka, Yoshio (1964), "Classroom Notes: On a Proof of Hermite's Identity", The American Mathematical Monthly, 71 (10): 1115, doi:10.2307/2311413, JSTOR 2311413, MR 1533020.