# High beta fusion reactor

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Charles Chase and his team at Lockheed have developed a high beta configuration, which allows a compact reactor design and speedier development timeline (5 years instead of 30).

The high beta fusion reactor (also known as the 4th generation prototype T4) is a project being developed by a team led by Charles Chase of Lockheed Martin’s Skunk Works. The "high beta" configuration allows a compact fusion reactor design and speedier development timeline (5 years instead of 30). It was presented at the Google Solve for X forum on February 7, 2013.[1]

## Design

The device is 2x2x4 meters in size. It is cylindrical shaped. It has a vacuum inside with high magnetic fields, made using electromagnets. Uncharged deuterium gas is injected. It is heated using radio waves, in much the same way a microwave heats food. When the gas temperature reaches over 16 electron-volts, the gas ionizes into ions and electrons. This plasma exerts a pressure on the surrounding magnetic fields. This plasma pressure is counterbalanced by the magnetic field pressure in a beta ratio:

$\beta = \frac{p}{p_{mag}} = \frac{n k_B T}{(B^2/2\mu_0)}$ [2]

The plan is to reach a high-beta ratio. Plans call for a compact 100 MW machine. The company hopes to have a prototype working by 2017, scale it up to a full production model by 2022 and to be able to meet global baseload energy demand by 2050. Here are some other characteristics of this machine:

• The magnetic field increases the farther out that the plasma goes, which pushes the plasma back in.
• It also has very few open field lines (very few paths for the plasma to leak out; uses a cylinder, not a Tokamak ring).
• Very good arch curvature of the field lines.
• The system has a beta of about 1.[3]
• This system uses deuterium.[3]
• The system heats the plasma using radio waves.[3]

The machine was designed by Dr. Thomas McGuire[3] who did his PhD thesis[4][5] on fusors at MIT. Chase said that “the fuel (two isotopes of hydrogen) has six orders of magnitude higher energy density than oil. You can’t make a bomb from it, and it has no meltdown risk. It’s very different from nuclear fission reactors.”[3][6]

## References

1. ^ FuseNet: The European Fusion Education Network
2. ^ Wesson, J: "Tokamaks", 3rd edition page 115, Oxford University Press, 2004
3. Charles Chase on energy for everyone
4. ^ "Improved Lifetimes and Synchronization Behavior in Multi-grid Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Devices", Feb 2007, MIT, DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS
5. ^ "Numerical Predictions of Enhanced Ion Confinement in a Multi-grid IEC Device", McGuire, Sedwick, 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit 21–23 July 2008, Hartford, CT
6. ^ Fusion Power Could Happen Sooner Than You Think