History of Wetherby

Wetherby Coat of Arms. As displayed on the former telegraph pole, by the river. This shows the Knights Templar, as well as the River Wharfe (the blue bars). It was official granted on 7 January 1939

The history of Wetherby, a market town in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough, West Yorkshire, England, began in the 12th and 13th centuries when the Knights Templar and later the Knights Hospitallers were granted land and properties in Yorkshire. The local Preceptory founded in 1217 was at Ribston Park. In 1240 the Knights Templar were granted by Royal Charter of Henry III the right to hold a market in Wetherby (known then as Werreby). The Charter stated the market should be held on a Thursday and a yearly fair was permitted lasting three days over the day of St James the Apostle.

From 1318 to 1319 the North of England suffered many raids from the Scots. After the Battle of Bannockburn Wetherby was burned and many people taken and killed. According to the blue plaque [2] at the entrance to the lane, Scott Lane could be named after the Scottish raiders in 1318, or perhaps after the 18th century drovers who used Wetherby as a watering place.

In 1233 the Archbishop of York allowed remission of sins to those who contributed to the building of the Wetherby Bridge.

Wetherby Castle

A blue plaque marking the site of Wetherby Castle

For fifteen years Wetherby was home to a rebel castle (one built without the consent of the King or Parliament). This was constructed in 1140 by the Percy family to guard the crossing by the River Wharfe, particularly against raids Scottish raiders, which was prevalent at the time, since most of what is now England, north of Yorkshire was controlled by the Scotts. However in 1255 its demolition was ordered by King Henry III. Only the foundations of the castle remain, very little of which comes above ground level, in 2005 and 2006 the three detached dwellings occupying this site were demolished and replaced by luxury riverside flats, named 'Castle Keep' to reflect their history, as part of the redevelopment, the site was marked with a blue plaque, one of many commissioned by Wetherby Town Council in the town centre.

English Civil War

Wetherby had a small part to play in the Civil War in 1644. Before marching to Tadcaster and then to Marston Moor, the Parliamentarians spent two days in Wetherby while joining forces with the Scots. Oliver Cromwell stayed in the Half Moon Inn, in nearby Collingham prior to the battle of Marston Moor.

The Great Sale of Wetherby (1824)

To fund work on his house at Chatsworth, the Duke of Devonshire sold the entirety of Wetherby, with the exception of one house. The sale included many houses, small businesses, a corn mill, and a brewery. The 1824 sale catalogue included "nearly 200 dwellings", "Two Posting Houses, Three Inns and Seven Public Houses", "The Valuable Manor of Wetherby", and "Upwards of 1300 acres". The sale catalogue for the sale of the "Whole of the large market town of Wetherby (with the exception of one house therein)" describes Wetherby as an important stop on the high turnpike from Ferry Bridge to Glasgow.

On the first day of the sale, the Swan and Talbot sold for £1510, on the second day The Crown, The Red Lion and The Blue Boar (now closed) sold for a total of £2870. An example from the catalogue regarding the sale of The Crown Inn on the High Street.

Lot Number: 66
Occupiers: Widow Smith
Description: The Crown Inn, in High Street, containing on the ground floor, two parlours, dining room, a back room, bar and scullery; cellar, four bedchambers and a small room. In the back yard in a brewhouse, store room, coal house, barn, cow house, pig cotes, a seven stall stable with granary over: another stable with a malt room over, and a box stable. These premises extend onto the market place.

The Victorian Era

Bishopgate, a former slum area in Wetherby

Industrialisation

Although in the Victorian times, Wetherby was still largely a rural town, being the major town for the surrounding rural districts where the cattle market was located, Wetherby did industrialise during this era, though notably less than in the more textile dependent areas of the West Riding. Wetherby's brewery and mill developed in this area, while Teesdale and Metcalf built their factory on what is now the site of the Horsefair Centre. Wetherby provides the setting for the novel Oldbury (1869) by Annie Keary. Although Wetherby's Victorian industrial development was neither notable nor significant, the industrial revolution did not bypass it, and the town experience growth due to the development of these industries. The two main periods where the Wetherby area saw industrial expansion was during the Second World War with the building of the munitions factories on what is now the Thorp Arch Trading Estate and in the 1960s with the building of the Sandbeck Industrial Estate.

The building of the railways

See also: Wetherby railway station

In 1837, the Angel public house served two mails coaches every day. However a new form of transport was soon to come to Wetherby. The 1840s saw the construction of the Harrogate to Church Fenton line. By the 1860s, the Wetherby News was in the height of one of its first major campaign, the campaign to link Wetherby to Leeds by railway. In 1866 the NER began construction of the Cross Gates to Wetherby line, which would provide the much needed link to Leeds. This led to the building of a new railway station on Linton Road, the older railway station is now The Old Engine Shed dance hall, off York Road. From the building of the Cross Gates-Wetherby line until the lines closure, raceday specials ran from Bradford Interchange to Wetherby.

Utilities

Wetherby's Gasworks was first opened in 1852, this was situated on what is now Gashouse Lane. The gasworks had two Gasholders and closed in the last 1970s. Wetherby had a concrete water tower, situated in the Spofforth Hill area of town. This was demolished in 1959. The gasworks no longer has gasholders, or produces town gas since the conversion to natural gas, however a gas site still does exist in the vicinity of Gashouse Lane and Victoria Street.

Twentieth century

Wetherby High Street in 1900

Turn of the century

By the turn of the century, Wetherby had a mixed economy. The town by this time had a large mill which employed many in the town. The trades which had kept Wetherby going in earlier decades still thrived, such as the cattle market and the towns many inns, which served travellers on the A1. The growth of the railways in the 19th century had lessened Wetherby's strategic position on the Great North Road. Wetherby by this time had rail links to Leeds, Harrogate and York and had its own gas works, producing town gas.

The world wars

Memorial to the Great War in Wetherby

Like many other towns in the West Riding, Wetherby suffered heavy losses in World War I, with many Wetherby men attached to the Leeds Pals, who suffered particularly heavy losses at the Battle of the Somme. Many Wetherby residents worked at the Barnbow munitions works in Cross Gates for the duration of the war. A memorial to the losses suffered by Wetherby in the Great War, designed by E.F. Roslyn was erected adjacent to the towns bridge in 1922. During the Second World War Wetherby had the country's only inland landship, HMS Ceres situated on the site now occupied by Wetherby High School. ROF Thorp Arch, what is now the Thorp Arch trading estate was also built outside the town as a munitions factory, which providied war time employment for many in the town as well as across Leeds. Unusually, Wetherby does not have a memorial to its losses in the Second World War, one was neither erected or as in many towns, a list of the dead added to the Great War memorial.

Brewery

For many years the town was home to Wharfedale Brewery which became Oxley's mineral water factory during the inter-war years. The factory was demolished in the 1950s, with the chimney being imploded in 1959. and was redeveloped as the West Yorkshire bus depot and bus station, and has since been further redeveloped to include shops, offices, and a restaurant in addition to the bus station. The nearby watermill, which was situated by the weir, is now the site of luxury riverside flats.

The closure of the railways

Both the LNER Cross Gates to Wetherby line and the Harrogate to Church Fenton line closed in 1965 under the Beeching Axe. Once the railway had been closed, the council deliberated over whether to convert the disused line into a central relief road, however such plans never came to fruition. The line has since being converted into the Harland Way, cycle track, linking Wetherby with Spofforth.

Town centre redevelopment

Throughout the 1960s the town council deliberated over how best to enlarge the town centre to cope with the needs of a growing population and to provide the town with a purpose built supermarket. Plans were put forward to enlarge the town over the ings, or to develop the town centre into a pedestrian precinct. There were two similar plans for this put forward, both involved the demolition of The Red Lion public house and replacing it with offices, one plan involved the pedestrianisation of the High Street and North Street and a central bypass being built linking Boston Road with York Road. The Second scheme involved pedestrianising the Market Place, allowing buses to still use the lower end to access the bus station.

In the end it was decided to build a purpose built shopping precinct, which was built in the 1970s and underwent a significant redevelopment throughout 2003. By 2006 the remaining open parts of the Horsefair Centre were enclosed under a glass canopy roof.

Bypassing Wetherby

The towns bypass was originally constructed between 1957 and 1959. This started South of the town by the A58 and finished in Kirk Deighton. For many years, the town's bypass started from at a roundabout near a Forte Posthouse hotel, which was prone to lengthy queues at busy periods. The roundabout still remains, but the A1 was diverted in July 1988 at a cost of £11.5 m. On December 18, 2004, the northern section of the bypass was substantially diverted to a new section of the A1(M), bypassing Kirk Deighton, after construction work had begun in August 2003. The upgrade of the section between Bramham and Wetherby started in July 2007 and is scheduled to be completed in 2009. The upgrading of the A1 includes a new motorway service station at the Wetherby North Junction (near Kirk Deighton). This will include another large hotel, the only one in Wetherby, North of the River Wharfe.

Industrialisation

Although the 20th century saw the loss of Wetherby's mill and brewery, it also saw the development of the Sandbeck Industrial Estate and the nearby Thorp Arch Trading Estate. The Trading Estate was built mainly as munitions factories at the beginning of World War II. The Thorpe Arch trading estate brought employers such as Farnell (electronic components), Safepack (Packaging), Goldenfry (gravy and savoury food products), Swift Research (Market Research) and the Forensic Science Laboratory.

Twenty First Century

Bypassing Wetherby again

Wetherby was to be once again bypassed in the early 2000s. The original bypass, became somewhat of a bottleneck on the A1. The bypass was upgraded in two stages, the first being Wetherby to Disforth. This involved moving the road to the East away from the town, the closing of the York Road and Deighton Road Junctions, the opening of a new junction on a new link road. Wetherby Service Station was opened in 2008, with a hotel expected to open in 2009. The Aberford to Wetherby stretch was upgraded later, this is yet to be completed. A further link road has been built between Boston Road and Wattlesyke. Another link road is to be built between Boston Road and Sandbeck Approach.

Redeveloping the Horsefair Centre

After the 1990s, when Morrisons acquired the Horsefair Centre, it became apparent the supermarket was too small and the centre lacked parking. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, the car park was extended over the former Burgess Factory (formerly Appleyard Farm Services) on Hallfield Lane and the playing fields of Wetherby High School. In 2003, the existing Supermarket was demolished. Eleven months later in 2004, a new flagship Morrisons was opened to anchor the centre. This required the relocation of the Post Office, which was moved to a temporary unit on the Crossley Street Car Park, before moving to a new home on the Market Place, opposite its original home. While the supermarket was closed, free buses ran from Spofforth Hill to Morrisons in Starbeck and from Deighton Road to Morrisons in Boroughbridge. Later in July 2005, work began to enclose the Western wing of the precinct, which had previously been mostly open. The roof was completed in 2006.

See also

• History of Leeds
• History of Hunslet
• History of Seacroft

Further reading

• Wetherby The History of a Yorkshire Market Town, Robert Unwin
• Wetherby (The Archive Photographic Series)