LGBT rights by country or territory

Worldwide laws regarding homosexual
relationships and expression

	Same-sex marriage		Restricted freedom of expression
	Other type of partnership or unregistered cohabitation		Unenforced penalty
	Marriage recognized but not performed		Imprisonment
	Marriage recognized federally but not performed		Up to life in prison
	Same-sex unions not recognized		Death penalty

Click on map to view an enlarged version where rings in various locations become visible. These indicate places with local and/or case-by-case applications of law.

LGBT rights at the United Nations

	Support	Countries which have signed a General Assembly declaration of LGBT rights and/or sponsored the Human Rights Council's 2011 resolution on LGBT rights (94 members).
	Oppose	Countries which signed a 2008 statement opposing LGBT rights (initially 57 members, now 54 members).
	Neither	Countries which, as regards the UN, have expressed neither official support nor opposition to LGBT rights (46 members).

Laws affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people vary greatly by country or territory—everything from legal recognition of same-sex marriage or other types of partnerships, to the death penalty as punishment for same-sex romantic/sexual activity or identity.

LGBT rights are considered human rights^[1] and civil rights.^[2] LGBT rights laws include, but are not limited to, the following:

allowing of men who have sex with men to donate blood,
government recognition of same-sex relationships (such as via same-sex marriage or similar unions),
allowing of LGBT adoption,
recognition of LGBT parenting,
anti-bullying legislation and student non-discrimination laws to protect LGBT children and/or students,
immigration equality laws,
anti-discrimination laws for employment and housing,
hate crime laws providing enhanced criminal penalties for prejudice-motivated violence against LGBT people,
equal age of consent laws,
equal access to assisted reproductive technology
access to sex reassignment surgery and hormone replacement therapy
legal recognition and accommodation of reassigned gender,
and laws related to sexual orientation and military service.

Anti-LGBT laws include, but are not limited to, the following: sodomy laws penalizing consensual same-sex sexual activity with fines, jail terms, or the death penalty; anti-"lesbianism" laws; and higher ages of consent for same-sex activity.

In 2011, the United Nations Human Rights Council passed its first resolution recognizing LGBT rights, which was followed up with a report from the UN Human Rights Commission documenting violations of the rights of LGBT people, including hate crime, criminalization of homosexuality, and discrimination. Following up on the report, the UN Human Rights Commission urged all countries which had not yet done so to enact laws protecting basic LGBT rights.^[3]^[4]

History of LGBT-related laws

Ancient Celts

According to Aristotle, although most "belligerent nations" were strongly influenced by their women, the Celts were unusual because their men openly preferred male lovers (Politics II 1269b).^[5] H. D. Rankin in Celts and the Classical World notes that "Athenaeus echoes this comment (603a) and so does Ammianus (30.9). It seems to be the general opinion of antiquity."^[6] In book XIII of his Deipnosophists, the Roman Greek rhetorician and grammarian Athenaeus, repeating assertions made by Diodorus Siculus in the 1st century BC (Bibliotheca historica 5:32), wrote that Celtic women were beautiful but that the men preferred to sleep together. Diodorus went further, stating that "the young men will offer themselves to strangers and are insulted if the offer is refused". Rankin argues that the ultimate source of these assertions is likely to be Poseidonius and speculates that these authors may be recording male "bonding rituals".^[7]

Ancient India

Throughout Hindu and Vedic texts there are many descriptions of saints, demigods, and even the Supreme Lord transcending gender norms and manifesting multiple combinations of sex and gender.^[8] There are several instances in ancient Indian epic poetry of same sex depictions and unions by gods and goddesses. There are several stories of depicting love between same sexes especially among kings and queens. Kamasutra, the ancient Indian treatise on love talks about feelings for same sexes. Transsexuals are also venerated e.g. Lord Vishnu as Mohini and Lord Shiva as Ardhanarishwara (which means half woman).^[9]

Ancient Israel and West Asia

The ancient Law of Moses (the Torah) forbids men lying with men (intercourse) in Leviticus 18 and gives a story of attempted homosexual rape in Genesis in the story of Sodom and Gomorrah, the cities being soon destroyed after that. The death penalty was prescribed. In Deuteronomy 22:5, cross-dressing is condemned as being "abominable".

Middle Assyrian Law Codes dating 1075 BC states: "If a man have intercourse with his brother-in-arms, they shall turn him into a eunuch.^{[citation needed]}

Ancient Persia

In Persia homosexuality and homoerotic expressions were tolerated in numerous public places, from monasteries and seminaries to taverns, military camps, bathhouses, and coffee houses. In the early Safavid era (1501–1723), male houses of prostitution (amrad khane) were legally recognized and paid taxes. Persian poets, such as Sa’di (d. 1291), Hafiz (d. 1389), and Jami (d. 1492), wrote poems replete with homoerotic allusions. The two most commonly documented forms were commercial sex with transgender young males or males enacting transgender roles exemplified by the köçeks and the bacchás, and Sufi spiritual practices in which the practitioner admired the form of a beautiful boy in order to enter ecstatic states and glimpse the beauty of God.

Ancient Rome

The "conquest mentality" of the ancient Romans shaped Roman homosexual practices.^[10] In the Roman Republic, a citizen's political liberty was defined in part by the right to preserve his body from physical compulsion or use by others;^[11] for the male citizen to submit his body to the giving of pleasure was considered servile.^[12] As long as a man played the penetrative role, it was socially acceptable and considered natural for him to have same-sex relations, without a perceived loss of his masculinity or social standing.^[13] The bodies of citizen youths were strictly off-limits, and the Lex Scantinia imposed penalites on those who committed a sex crime (stuprum) against a freeborn male minor.^[14] Acceptable same-sex partners were males excluded from legal protections as citizens: slaves, male prostitutes, and the infames, entertainers or others who might be technically free but whose lifestyles set them outside the law.

"Homosexual" and "heterosexual" were thus not categories of Roman sexuality, and no words exist in Latin that would precisely translate these concepts.^[15] A male citizen who willingly performed oral sex or received anal sex was disparaged, but there is only limited evidence of legal penalties against these men, who were presumably "homosexual" in the modern sense.^[16] In courtroom and political rhetoric, charges of effeminacy and passive sexual behaviors were directed particularly at "democratic" politicians (populares) such as Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.^[17]

Roman law addressed the rape of a male citizen as early as the 2nd century BC, when a ruling was issued in a case that may have involved a man of same-sex orientation. It was ruled that even a man who was "disreputable and questionable" had the same right as other citizens not to have his body subjected to forced sex.^[18] A law probably dating to the dictatorship of Julius Caesar defined rape as forced sex against "boy, woman, or anyone"; the rapist was subject to execution, a rare penalty in Roman law.^[19] A male classified as infamis, such as a prostitute or actor, could not as a matter of law be raped, nor could a slave, who was legally classified as property; the slave's owner, however, could prosecute the rapist for property damage.^[20]

In the Roman army of the Republic, sex among fellow soldiers violated the decorum against intercourse with citizens and was subject to harsh penalties, including death,^[21] as a violation of military discipline.^[22] The Greek historian Polybius (2nd century BC) lists deserters, thieves, perjurers, and "those who in youth have abused their persons" as subject to the fustuarium, clubbing to death.^[23] Ancient sources are most concerned with the effects of sexual harassment by officers, but the young soldier who brought an accusation against his superior needed to show that he had not willingly taken the passive role or prostituted himself.^[24] Soldiers were free to have relations with their male slaves;^[25] the use of a fellow citizen-soldier's body was prohibited, not homosexual behaviors per se.^[26] By the late Republic and throughout the Imperial period, there is increasing evidence that men whose lifestyle marked them as "homosexual" in the modern sense served openly.^[27]

Although Roman law did not recognize marriage between men, and in general Romans regarded marriage as a heterosexual union with the primary purpose of producing children, in the early Imperial period some male couples were celebrating traditional marriage rites. Juvenal remarks with disapproval that his friends often attended such ceremonies.^[28] The emperor Nero had two marriages to men, once as the bride (with a freedman Pythagoras) and once as the groom. His consort Sporus appeared in public as Nero's wife wearing the regalia that was customary for the Roman empress.^[29]

Apart from measures to protect the prerogatives of citizens, the prosecution of homosexuality as a general crime began in the 3rd century of the Christian era when male prostitution was banned by Philip the Arab. By the end of the 4th century, after the Roman Empire had come under Christian rule, passive homosexuality was punishable by burning.^[30] "Death by sword" was the punishment for a "man coupling like a woman" under the Theodosian Code.^[31] Under Justinian, all same-sex acts, passive or active, no matter who the partners, were declared contrary to nature and punishable by death.^[32]

Congo

E. E. Evans-Pritchard recorded that in the past male Azande warriors in the northern Congo routinely took on young male lovers between the ages of twelve and twenty, who helped with household tasks and participated in intercrural sex with their older husbands. The practice had died out by the early 20th century, after Europeans had gained control of African countries, but was recounted to Evans-Pritchard by the elders to whom he spoke.^[33]

Feudal Japan

In feudal Japan, homosexuality was recognized, between equals (bi-do), in terms of pederasty (wakashudo), and in terms of prostitution. The younger partner in a pederastic relationship often was expected to make the first move; the opposite was true in ancient Greece. In religious circles, same-sex love spread to the warrior (samurai) class, where it was customary for a boy in the wakashū age category to undergo training in the martial arts by apprenticing to a more experienced adult man. The man was permitted, if the boy agreed, to take the boy as his lover until he came of age; this relationship, often formalized in a "brotherhood contract",^[34] was expected to be exclusive, with both partners swearing to take no other (male) lovers. The Samurai period was one in which homosexuality was seen as particularly positive. Later when Japanese society became pacified, the middle classes adopted many of the practices of the warrior class.

Lesotho

Anthropologists Stephen Murray and Will Roscoe reported that women in Lesotho engaged in socially sanctioned "long term, erotic relationships" called motsoalle.^[35]

Papua New Guinea

In Papua New Guinea, same-sex relationships were an integral part of the culture until the middle of the last century. The Etoro and Marind-anim for example, even viewed heterosexuality as wasteful and celebrated homosexuality instead. They believed that in sharing semen, they are sharing their life force, yet women simply wasted this force any time they didn't get pregnant after sex. In many traditional Melanesian cultures a prepubertal boy would be paired with an older adolescent who would become his mentor and who would "inseminate" him (orally, anally, or topically, depending on the tribe) over a number of years in order for the younger to also reach puberty.^[36]

LGBT-related laws by country or territory

Decriminalization of same-sex sexual activity by country or territory

1790–1799

1800–1829

1830–1839

1840–1859

1860–1869

1870–1879

1880–1889

1890–1929

1930–1939

1940–1949¹

1950–1959

1960–1969

1970–1979

1980–1989

1990–1999²

2000–2009

2010-present

Same-sex sexual activity legal³

Male same-sex sexual activity illegal

Same-sex sexual activity illegal

¹During World War II, Nazi Germany annexed territory or established reichskommissariats which extended Germany's laws against same-sex sexual activity to those territories and reichskommissariats. Same-sex sexual activity was previously legalized in the following countries or territories before German annexation or establishment of reichskommissariats: Bas-Rhin (legal in 1791), Belgium (legal in 1795), Belluno (legal in 1890), Friuli-Venezia Giulia (legal in 1890), Haut-Rhin (legal in 1791), Luxembourg (legal in 1795), Moselle (legal in 1791), Netherlands (legal in 1811), Nord (legal in 1791), Pas-de-Calais (legal in 1791), Poland (legal in 1932), and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol (legal in 1890). All countries and territories listed that where annexed or established into reichskommissariats by Nazi Germany during World War II where restored as independent countries or reincorporated into their previous countries during or after the war and thus re-legalized same-sex sexual activity in those areas.
²In May 1973, the Libyan Arab Republic annexed the Aouzou Strip from Chad. Libya's laws against same-sex sexual activity where thus extended to the annexed Aouzou Strip. In August 1987, during the Toyota War between the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and Chad, Aouzou fell to the Chadian forces, only to be repelled by an overwhelming Libyan counter-offensive. The Aouzou dispute was concluded on February 3, 1994, when the judges of the International Court of Justice by a majority of 16 to 1 decided that the Aouzou Strip belonged to Chad. Monitored by international observers, the withdrawal of Libyan troops from the Strip began on April 15, 1994, and was completed by May 10, 1994. The formal and final transfer of the Aouzou Strip from Libya to Chad took place on May 30, 1994, when the sides signed a joint declaration stating that the Libyan withdrawal had been effected.
³Same-sex sexual activity was never criminalized in the following countries and territories: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cambodia Central African Republic, Chad (excluding Aouzou Strip), Clipperton Island, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Gabon, Laos, Madagascar, Mali, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Niger, North Korea, Rwanda, South Korea, Vietnam, and Wallis and Futuna. Same-sex sexual activity had also never been criminalized in continent of Antarctica.

Blood donation policies for men who have sex with men

Men who have sex with men may donate blood; No deferral

Men who have sex with men may donate blood; Temporary deferral

Men who have sex with men may not donate blood; Permanent deferral¹

No Data

¹No restriction in Israel and the United States of America if last MSM activity was before 1977.

Africa

Tables:

Northern Africa

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Same-sex marriage
Algeria	Illegal Penalty: Fine & up to 2 years imprisonment, or vigilante executions ^[37]
Egypt	/ not specifically illegal, but is punishable through broadly written morality laws of up to 17 years imprisonment with or without hard labour and with or without torture.^[38] Female uncertain
Libya	Illegal Penalty: Up to 10 years imprisonment.^[39]
Morocco (incl. Western Sahara)	Illegal Penalty: Less than 10 years imprisonment.^[40]
South Sudan	Illegal Penalty: Up to 10 years imprisonment.	Constitutional ban since 2011
Sudan	Illegal for both sexes. However, the penalty for both sexes is different. Penalty: Corporal Punishment. Death penalty for men on third offense. Death penalty on fourth offense for women.
Tunisia	Illegal Penalty: Fine or 3-10 years imprisonment.^[41]

Western Africa

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Same-sex marriage	Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation)
Benin	Legal^[42]
Burkina Faso	Legal	Constitutional ban since 1991
Cape Verde	Legal since 2004 + UN decl. sign.		Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[37]
Côte d'Ivoire	Legal
Gambia	Illegal Penalty: up to 14 years imprisonment
Ghana	Male illegal Penalty: 10 years imprisonment or more Female legal^[43]
Guinea	Illegal Penalty: 6 months to 3 years imprisonment
Guinea-Bissau	Legal since 1993^[37] + UN decl. sign.
Liberia	Illegal Penalty: 1 year imprisonment
Mali	Legal
Mauritania	Illegal Penalty: Death penalty. However, no public executions for any crime since 1987. Some reports say gay boys are subject to clandestine executions.
Niger	Legal
Nigeria	Illegal Penalty: Imprisonment, fines, corporal punishment or even death penalty.^[44]
Senegal	Illegal Penalty: 1 to 5 years imprisonment
Sierra Leone	Male illegal Penalty: Up to life imprisonment (although seldom enforced) Female legal^[37] + UN decl. sign.
Togo	Illegal Penalty: Fine & 3 years imprisonment

Middle Africa

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Same-sex marriage	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Cameroon	Illegal Penalty: Fines to 5 years imprisonment
Central African Republic	Legal^[37] + UN decl. sign.
Chad	Legal^[37]
Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire)	Legal^[37]	Constitutional ban since 2005
Equatorial Guinea	Legal^[37]
Gabon	Legal^[37] + UN decl. sign.
Republic of the Congo	Legal^[37]
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)	Legal since 2001^[37]		UK's responsibility. Allowed since 2000	Bans some anti-gay discrimination	Since 2013
São Tomé and Príncipe	Legal since 2012 + UN decl. sign.^[45]

Eastern Africa

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples
Burundi	Illegal since 2009 Penalty: 3 months to 2 years imprisonment^[46]	Constitutional ban since 2005
Djibouti	Legal^[37]
Eritrea	Illegal Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment ^[37]
Ethiopia	Illegal^[37] Penalty: 10 years imprisonment or more.
Kenya	Male illegal Penalty: up to 14 years imprisonment Female legal	Constitution since 2010 specifically mentions only opposite sex marriage^[47]
Rwanda	Legal^[37] + UN decl. sign.	Constitutional ban in Article 26 since 2003
Somalia	Illegal^[37] Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment, although vigilante executions are tolerated.
Uganda	Male Illegal Penalty: Up to life imprisonment Female Illegal since 2000. Penalty: Up to 7 years imprisonment	Constitutional ban since 2005
Tanzania	Illegal Penalty: Up to life imprisonment^[37] Female Legal except in Zanzibar		A couple must be married to adopt a child.

Indian Ocean States

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex relationships	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Comoros	Illegal^[37] Penalty: 5 years imprisonment & fines
Madagascar	Legal
Mauritius	Male illegal Penalty: Up to 5 years imprisonment.(Moderate and reasonably ignored) Female legal ^[37]^[48]+ UN decl. sign.				Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[49]^[50]
Mayotte (Overseas department of France since 2011)	Legal since 1791	Civil solidarity pact	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2013	Bans all anti-gay discrimination	However, it requires sterilization for sex change.
Réunion (Overseas department of France)	Legal since 1791	Civil solidarity pact	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2013	Bans all anti-gay discrimination	However, it requires sterilization for sex change.
Seychelles	Male illegal Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment, decriminalization proposed Female legal + UN decl. sign.				Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[37]

Southern Africa

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex relationships	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Angola	Illegal^[37] Penalty: fines, restrictions or penal labor (Penalty: Articles 70 and 71 of the Angolan Penal Code provides for the imposition of security measures on people who habitually practice acts against nature)
Botswana	Illegal Penalty: Fine - 7 years, though not enforced					Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[37]
Lesotho	Legal since 2012^[37]
Malawi	Illegal Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment & whippings (No more arrests under Anti-gay laws)
Mozambique	Legal^[51]					Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[37]^[49]
Namibia	Male Illegal Not enforced^[37]^[52] Female legal^[53]
South Africa	Male legal since 1998, retroactive to 1994; female always legal; UN decl. sign.	Limited recognition of unregistered partnerships since 1998; Same-sex marriage since 2006.	Legal since 2006	Legal since 2002 (joint and step-parent)	Since 1998	Bans all anti-gay discrimination	Anti-discrimination laws are interpreted to include gender identity; legal gender may be changed after surgical or medical treatment.
Swaziland	Male illegal Female legal. However, there is a pending law that will include outlawing lesbian sex conduct.^[37]
Zambia	Illegal Penalty: up to 14 years imprisonment
Zimbabwe	Male illegal Female legal^[37]		Constitutional ban since 2013

Partially recognized/Unrecognized states

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex relationships	Same-sex marriage	Adoption by same-sex couples	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Western Sahara (80% controlled by Morocco)	Illegal Penalty: up to 3 years imprisonment
Somaliland	Illegal Penalty: expulsion from country, life imprisonment; death penalty in some regions and cities.

The Americas

Tables:

North America

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Same-sex adoption	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination Laws (sexual orientation)	Anti-discrimination Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Bermuda (Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)	Legal since 1994 (Age of consent discrepancy)				UK responsible for defence	Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[54]
Canada	Legal since 1969 (Age of consent discrepancy, prohibition of anal intercourse in some cases)^[55] + UN decl. sign.		Legal since 2003, Mandatory legal status nationwide since 2005	Legal nationwide, but specifics may vary by province and territory.^[56]	Since 1992^[57]	Bans all anti-gay discrimination, including hate speech	Legal recognition but only granted after completion of medical intervention in most provinces and territories (not required in Ontario, British Columbia); Explicit anti-discrimination protections only in NWT, Manitoba, and Ontario, implicit elsewhere;^[58]^[59]^[60]
Greenland (constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark)	Legal since 1933	Registered partnership since 1996	(pending)	/ Step-child adoption only	(Denmark responsible for defence)	Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Mexico	Legal since 1872^[37] + UN decl. sign.	Civil unions in Coahuila (2007),^[61] Colima (2013)^[62], Jalisco (2013)^[63] and Campeche (2013).^[64] All states are obliged to honour same-sex marriages performed in states where it is legal.^[65]	/ Legal in Mexico City (2010)^[65], Quintana Roo (2012) ^[66] and Coahuila (2014). All states are obliged to honour same-sex marriages performed in states where it is legal.^[65] Proposed nationwide (2013).^[67]^[68]	/ Joint adoption legal in Mexico City (2010)^[69] and Coahuila (2014).^[70] Nationwide, single gay persons may adopt.^[71]	/ No explicit ban. However, LGB persons have been reportedly discharged on the grounds of "immorality."^[72]	Nationwide since 2003.^[73]	/ Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name in Mexico City since 2008.^[74]
Saint Pierre et Miquelon (overseas collectivity of France)	Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.	Pacte civil de solidarité since 1999	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2013		Bans all anti-gay discrimination	(Requires sterilization for change)
United States	Legal nationwide since 2003. + UN decl. sign. See Lawrence v. Texas	/ Varies by state, not recognized by federal gov't (Legal in some states where same-sex marriage is also legal. Domestic partnership benefits and civil unions granted by local level cities and counties in 15 states).	/ Varies by state, recognized by federal gov't. (Legal in Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Colorado, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho,Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Ten Native American Tribal Jurisdictions and the District of Columbia. Recognized in Missouri).	/ Single bisexual, gay, and lesbian persons may adopt, laws on couples vary by state	/ Since 2011 for bisexuals, gays, and lesbians only; transsexuals still banned.	/ Federal executive order prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation for employees in the federal civilian workforce, along with the government employment in the District of Columbia, and the United States Postal Service, since 1998 (see Executive Order 12968 and Executive Order 13087). Included in the federal hate crimes law since 2009. (Sexual orientation discrimination in public and private employment)	/ Gender identity discrimination in employment and healthcare insurance banned since 2012.^[75]^[76] Included in the federal hate crimes law since 2009. (Gender identity discrimination in public and private employment)

Central America

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Same-sex adoption	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination Laws (sexual orientation)
Belize	Male llegal since September 19, 2003 (Penalty: 10 year prison sentence). Female legal. (Foreign gay males and females are rejected from entering the country due to the Belize Immigration Act)
Costa Rica	Legal since 1971 + UN decl. sign.	(for some purposes such as conjugal visit, health-related decisions and social insurance)^[77]			N/A Has no armed forces	Bans some anti-gay discrimination
El Salvador	Legal since 1800's^[37] + UN decl. sign.					Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Guatemala	Legal since 1871^[37] + UN decl. sign.					Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Honduras	Legal since 1899^[37] + UN decl. sign.		(Constitutional ban)	(Constitutional ban)
Nicaragua	Legal since 2008 + UN decl. sign.					Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[37]
Panama	Legal since 2008 + UN decl. sign.

Caribbean islands

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex unions	Same-sex marriage	Same-sex adoption	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination Laws (sexual orientation)	Anti-discrimination Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Anguilla (Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)	Legal since 2000				UK responsible for defence
Antigua and Barbuda	Illegal (Penalty: 15 year prison sentence)
Aruba (Autonomous country in the Kingdom of the Netherlands)	Legal	Only unions made in the Netherlands recognised	Only same-sex marriages made in the Netherlands recognised		The Netherlands responsible for defence
Bahamas	Legal since 1991 (Age of consent discrepancy)
Barbados	Illegal (Penalty: life sentence, Not enforced)
British Virgin Islands (Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)	Legal since 2000				UK responsible for defence	Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Caribbean Netherlands (part of the Netherlands)	Legal		Legal since 2012	^[78]	The Netherlands responsible for defence	Bans all anti-gay discrimination
Cayman Islands (Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)	Legal since 2000				UK responsible for defence
Cuba	Legal since 1979 + UN decl. sign.	(but proposed)				Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[79]^[80]
Curaçao (Autonomous country in the Kingdom of the Netherlands)	Legal	Only unions made in the Netherlands recognised	Only same-sex marriages made in the Netherlands recognised		The Netherlands responsible for defence
Dominica	Illegal (Penalty: 10 year prison sentence or incarceration in a psychiatric institution ) + UN decl. sign.
Dominican Republic	Legal since 1822^[37] + UN decl. sign.		Constitutional ban since 2010		^[81]
Grenada	Male illegal (Penalty: 10 year prison sentence) Female legal
Guadeloupe (Overseas department of France)	Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.	Pacte civil de solidarité since 1999	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2013		Bans all anti-gay discrimination	(Requires sterilization for change)
Haiti	Legal since 1986
Jamaica	Male Illegal (Penalty: 10 years hard labor) Female legal
Martinique (Overseas department of France)	Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.	Pacte civil de solidarité since 1999	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2013		Bans all anti-gay discrimination	(Requires sterilization for change)
Montserrat (Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)	Legal since 2000				UK responsible for defence	Discrimination banned by the constitution^[82]
Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)	Legal since 2003				Since 2011	Bans hate crimes since 2002, anti–employment discrimination since 2013. U.S. hate crime laws also apply	Bans hate crimes since 2002, anti–employment discrimination since 2013. U.S. hate crime laws also apply
Saint Barthélemy (overseas collectivity of France since 2007)	Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.	Pacte civil de solidarité since 1999	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2013		Bans all anti-gay discrimination	(Requires sterilization for change)
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Male illegal (Penalty: 10 years) Female legal
Saint Lucia	Male illegal (Penalty: fine and/or 10 year prison sentence) Female legal
Saint Martin (overseas collectivity of France since 2007)	Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.	Pacte civil de solidarité since 1999	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2013		Bans all anti-gay discrimination	(Requires sterilization for change)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Illegal (Penalty: fine and/or 10 year prison sentence)
Sint Maarten (Autonomous country in the Kingdom of the Netherlands)	Legal	Only unions made in the Netherlands recognised	Only same-sex marriages made in the Netherlands recognised		The Netherlands responsible for defence
Trinidad and Tobago	Illegal (Penalty: 25 year prison sentence, Not enforced)
Turks and Caicos Islands (Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)	Legal since 2000				UK responsible for defence
United States Virgin Islands (Insular area of the United States)	Legal since 1984				Since 2011	The US hate crime laws also apply to all US external territories as well	The US hate crime laws also apply to all US external territories as well

South America

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex relationships	Same-sex marriage	Same-sex adoption	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination Laws (sexual orientation)	Anti- discrimination Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Argentina	Legal since 1887^[37] + UN decl. sign.	Unregistered cohabitation throughout the country.	Legal since 2010.^[83]	Legal since 2010.	Since 2009.^[84]	/ (Legal in some states)	Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial permission^[85]
Bolivia	Legal + UN decl. sign.	(Proposed)	(Constitutional ban)		Not until 2015	Bans all anti-gay discrimination	Legal recognition but only granted after completion of medical intervention ^[86]
Brazil	Decriminalized since 1824, Legal since 1830^[37] + UN decl. sign.	"Stable unions" legal since 2004, All rights as recognized family entities available nationwide since 2011^[87]^[88]	Legal since 2011 (given interpretation of "stable union" legislation), Nationwide since 2013 ^[89]^[90]	Single gay persons explicitly accepted since 1996, Legal since 2010.^[91]	Since 1969,^[92] Official discrimination illegal since 1988, Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 1999^[93]^[94]	/ All state-sanctioned social discrimination of citizens since 1988, Legal protection in many jurisdictions, expansion of anti-discrimination (all) national Constitutional amendment discussed in the Senate.^[95]	Legal gender and name changes since 2009, though SRS – legal in loco only for diagnosed transsexuals – is required for male-to-female and HRT for female-to-male.^[96]^[97]^[98]
Chile	Legal since 1998^[37] (Age of consent discrepancy) + UN decl. sign.	(Registered cohabitation vote pending by congress) ^[99]	(Proposed ^[100], currently under consideration)	/ Single gay persons may adopt	^[101]^[102]	Bans all anti-gay discrimination ^[103]	since 2007. Whether surgical intervention is necessary depends on the judge at the moment of request. Currently, a broader gender identity law (which would not require any surgeries or judicial permission) is being discussed by the congress.^[104] ^[105]
Colombia	Legal since 1981 + UN decl. sign.	Legal since 2007	/ Judges are able to marry same-sex couples using a 2011 Court Ruling.^[106]	/ As single people and Step-child adoption.^[107]	since 1999. Since 2009: the military special social security system can be used by same sex couples in the army	Bans all anti-gay discrimination, including hate speech ^[108]	^[109] Since 1993. The name's gender can be changed easily in the National ID Card, to change the sex field a surgery is required.
Ecuador	Legal since 1997 + UN decl. sign.	Civil unions legal since 2009^[110]	(Constitutional ban)	(Constitutional ban)		Bans all anti-gay discrimination	Legal recognition but only granted after completion of medical intervention
Falkland Islands (Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)	Legal since 1989^[37]				UK responsible for defence	Discrimination banned by the constitution^[111]
French Guiana (Overseas department of France)	Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.	Pacte civil de solidarité since 1999	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2013		Bans all anti-gay discrimination	(Requires sterilization for change)
Guyana	Illegal (Penalty: Up to life imprisonment)				^[112]	Added to constitution in 2004, but withdrawn afterwards by the government.
Paraguay	Legal since 1880^[37] + UN decl. sign.	(Constitutional ban since 1992)^[113]	(Constitutional ban since 1992)^[113]
Peru	Legal since 1836-37^[37]	(Pending)^[114]			Since 2009^[115]	Bans all anti-gay discrimination.	Possible via Civil Code and Legal Process, but no specific law.
Suriname	Legal since 1869^[37]
Uruguay	Legal since 1934 + UN decl. sign.	Civil unions since 2008.^[116]	Legal since 2013.^[117]	Legal since 2009.^[118]	Since 2009.^[119]	Legal protection since 2004.^[120]	Legal protection since 2004.^[120] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name since 2009.^[121]
Venezuela	Legal since 1997^[122]^[123]. + UN decl. sign. there was not an illegal or legal status before.	/Mérida			Since 1999	Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[37]

Asia

This table:

Central Asia

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Allows gays to serve openly in military?
Kazakhstan	Legal since 1998^[37]	^[124]
Kyrgyzstan	Legal since 1998^[37]
Tajikistan	Legal since 1998^[37]
Turkmenistan	Male illegal (Penalty: up to 2 year prison sentence) Female legal^[37]
Uzbekistan	Male illegal (Penalty: up to 3 year prison sentence) Female legal^[37]

Middle East

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of relationships	Same-sex marriage	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Bahrain	Legal since 1976^[37]
Iraq	Legal since 2003
Israel	Legal since 1963 de facto 1988 de jure^[125] + UN decl. sign.	Unregistered cohabitation	Cannot be performed in the country, but foreign same-sex marriages are recognised	since 1993	Bans some anti-gay discrimination ^[126]^[127]	^{[citation needed]}
Jordan	Legal since 1951
Kuwait	Male illegal (Penalty: Fines or up to 6 year prison sentence) Female legal^[128]
Lebanon
Oman	Illegal (Penalty: fines, prison sentence up to 3 years; however, only enforced when dealing with "public scandal")
Palestinian territories (Gaza)	Illegal (Penalty: De facto capital punishment by Hamas-controlled administration)^[129]
Palestinian territories (West Bank)	Legal since 1951
Qatar	Male illegal (Penalty: fines, prison sentence up to 5 years) Female legal
Saudi Arabia	Illegal (Penalty: Prison sentences of several months to life, fines and/or whipping/flogging, castration, torture, vigilante execution, or death can be sentenced on first conviction. A second conviction merits execution.)
Syria	Illegal (Penalty: prison sentence up to 3 years)
United Arab Emirates	Illegal (Penalty: deportation, fines or prison time)
Yemen	Illegal (Penalty: Death)

South Asia

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of relationships	Same-sex marriage	Same-sex adoption	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Afghanistan	Illegal (Penalty : Death)
Bangladesh	Illegal (Penalty: 10 years to life)						A third option (hijra) beside male and female^[130]
Bhutan	Illegal (Penalty: Prison sentence up to 1 year; no cases of penalty actually enforced)
India	Illegal since 1860.^[131] Penalties up to 10 years imprisonment.^[132]	No explicit recognition.^[133]	No explicit recognition.^[133]		^[134]		"Third gender" recognised by Supreme Court^[135]
Iran	Illegal (Penalty: Death)						Legal gender recognition in Iran is legal if accompanied by a medical intervention.^[136]
Maldives	Up to death.^[137] Shariah law applies. Whippings, house arrest, deportation, and up to 6 years in jail. Vigilante attacks and executions occur.				^{[citation needed]}
Nepal	Legal since 2007^[37] + UN decl. sign.		Under consideration	Under consideration		Supreme Court ruled discrimination laws apply to homosexuals	"Third gender" cards have been issued since September 2007, legally protected class^[138]
Pakistan	Illegal (Penalty: 2 years to life sentence)						'Third gender' officially protected from discrimination by Supreme Court of Pakistan in 2010
Sri Lanka	Illegal^[37]				^{[citation needed]}

East Asia

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
China (People's Republic of)	Legal since 1997			Transsexuals allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery.
Hong Kong (Special administrative region of China)	Legal since 1991 (equal age of consent of 16 for both heterosexual and homosexual sex since 2006)	The People's Republic of China is in charge of Hong Kong's defence affairs. Regardless of sexual orientation, military personnel are not recruited from Hong Kong.	Government employment, goods and services only	Transsexuals allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery.
Japan	Legal since 1880 (was illegal from 1872–1880; before that there were no laws forbidding same sex relationships) + UN decl. sign.	^[139]	No nationwide protections, but some cities ban some anti-gay discriminations^[37]	Transsexuals allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery and in case that the transsexual has no child under 20 years old
Macau (Special administrative region of China)	Legal since 1996	The People's Republic of China is in charge of Macau's defence affairs. Regardless of sexual orientation, military personnel are not recruited from Macau.	Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Mongolia	Legal since 1961^[37]
North Korea	Legal^[37]			Unknown although there are heavily obeyed gender roles for both male and female. See Let's trim our hair in accordance with the socialist lifestyle
South Korea	Legal + UN decl. sign.	Due to conscription, but gays subject to discrimination		Transsexuals allowed to change legal gender

Partially recognised states

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of same-sex relationships	Same-sex marriage	Same-sex adoption	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Taiwan (China, Republic of)	Legal	(Proposed)	(Pending)	(Pending)	Due to military draft	Bans some anti-gay discrimination (in work and education)	Transsexuals allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery

Southeast Asia

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Recognition of relationships	Same-sex marriage	Same-sex adoption	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination (Sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Brunei	Illegal (Penalty: Death by stoning)
Burma	Illegal (Penalty: up to life sentence)
Cambodia	Legal		Technically prohibited, though there has been at least one recorded case of a legally registered and recognized same-sex marriage	^{[citation needed]}
East Timor	Legal since 1975 + UN decl. sign.
Indonesia	Legal^[140] except for Muslims in Aceh Province^[141]				^[142]		Transsexuals allowed to change legal gender
Laos	Legal
Malaysia	Male illegal (Penalty: fines, prison sentence (2-20 years), or whippings) Female legal
Philippines	Legal^[143] except for Muslims in Marawi City	^[143]		/ Step-adoption only	Since 2009	No national protections, but Cebu^[144] Quezon City, Davao^[145] and Albay have anti-discrimination ordinances^[146] National bill pending but still not made into law
Singapore	Male illegal (Penalty: up to 2 years prison sentence; no plan to repeal 377A and not enforced since 1999) Female legal				Due to conscription, but gays are not allowed to go to command school or serve in sensitive units.		Transsexuals allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery.
Thailand	Legal since 1956				Since 2005
Vietnam	Legal (no laws against homosexuality have ever existed)						Sex-change recognized for sex assignment for persons of congenital sex defects and unidentifiable sex

Europe

Tables:

European Union

European Union member states are indicated with the EU flag in regional European sub-divisions.

	See: LGBT rights in the European Union European Union law forbids discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation. All EU states are required to legalise same-sex sexual activity and implement anti-discrimination laws.^[147]^[148]

Central Europe

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Civil union	Same-sex marriage	Same-sex adoption	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Austria	Legal since 1971^[37]	Registered partnership since 2010	(pending)	/ Biological step-child adoption only		Bans all anti-gay discrimination	Gender change Is legal.^[149]
Croatia	Legal since 1977^[37]	Life Partnership since 2014	Constitutionally banned since 2013.	/ Gay individuals may adopt; Partner-guardianship (similar to step-child adoption)		Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[150]^[151]^[151]	Act on the elimination of discrimination, The Law on volunteering, Electronic media Law (all including both gender identity and gender expression)
Czech Republic	Legal since 1962^[37]	Registered partnership since 2006.		/ Gay individuals may adopt (both when in registered partnership or single)		Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[151]	legal recognition granted and amendment of birth certificate after reassignment surgery/
Germany	Legal since 1969 (since 1968 in East Germany)	Registered life partnership since 2001	(pending)	/ Step-child adoption only		Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Hungary	Legal since 1962^[37]	Registered partnership since 2009	Constitutionally banned since 2012.			Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[151]	Full legal recognition granted, birth certificate replaced. No surgery or hormone therapy is required for legal gender change.
Liechtenstein	Legal since 1989^[37]	Registered partnership since 2011			N/A		(Gender change Not Legal) ^[149]
Poland	Legal Never punished (Legal until 18th century, criminalized in 19th by laws of Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary, legal again since 1932) (Illegal from 1939-1944/1945 under annexation of Nazi Germany)	(Pending)	Constitutionally banned since 1997.^[152]	/ Gay individuals may adopt		Bans some anti-gay discrimination	legal recognition and birth certificates amended, including. In 1983, the Supreme Court ruled reassignment surgery is not a prerequisite for legal recognition.^[153]
Romania	Legal since 1996 Previously legal from 1864 to 1968			/ Gay individuals may adopt.		Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[151]	Legal recognition and birth certificates amended after reassignment surgery
Slovakia	Legal since 1962^[37]		Constitutionally banned since 2014.	/ Gay individuals may adopt		Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[154]^[155]	(Requires sterilization for change).^[149]
Slovenia	Legal since 1977^[37]	Registered partnership since 2006		/ Step-child adoption only ^[156]		Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[151]	Gender change not legal^[149]
Switzerland	Legal (Geneva, Vaud, Valais and Ticino: since 1798 Nationwide since 1942)	Registered partnership since 2007	(pending)^[157] (constitutional ban pending)	/ Gay individuals may adopt; Biological step-child adoption pending.^[158]		Bans some anti-gay discrimination. Banning all anti-gay discrimination pending	Legal documents can be issued based on a person's new gender identity. Sterilization technically required not enforced since 2012. Registered Partnership can become Marriage between the new opposite-sex couple^[159].

Eastern Europe

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Same-sex marriage	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Armenia	Legal since 2003^[37]	Constitutionally banned since 1995.	/ No explicit ban. However, LGB persons have been reportedly discharged because of their sexual orientation..^[160]
Azerbaijan	Legal since 2000^[37]	Constitutionally banned since 1995.			(Requires sterilization for change).^[149]
Belarus	Legal since 1994^[37]	Constitutionally banned since 1994.	/ Banned from military service during peacetime, but during wartime homosexuals are permitted to enlist as partially able.^[161]	LGBT activism/expression deemed terrorism^[162]
Georgia	Legal since 2000^[37]	(constitutional ban pending)		Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[163]	(Requires sterilization for change)^[149]
Kazakhstan	Legal since 1998^[37]
Moldova	Legal since 1995^[37]	Constitutionally banned since 1994.		Bans some anti-gay discrimination ^[151]	(Requires sterilization for change)^[149]
Russia	Legal since 1993 (Previously legal from 1917 to 1930)	(constitutional ban pending)		Bans homosexual "propaganda" among minors	(Requires sterilization for change)^[149]
Ukraine	Legal since 1991	Constitutionally banned since 1996.		Bans all anti-gay discrimination	(Requires sterilization for change)^[149]

Northern Europe

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Civil union	Same-sex marriage	Same-sex adoption	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Denmark	Legal since 1933^[37]	Registered Partnership from 1989 to 2012	Legal since 2012			Bans all anti-gay discrimination	Legal gender change and recognition possible without surgery or hormone therapy.^[164]
Estonia	Legal since 1992^[37]	Cohabitation Agreement from 2016^[165]		/ Biological step-child adoption only, Gay individuals may adopt		Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[151]	Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.
Faroe Islands (constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark)	Legal since 1933^[37]				(Denmark responsible for defence)	Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Finland	Legal since 1971	Registered Partnership since 2002	(pending)	/ Step-child adoption only (full joint adoption under consideration)		Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[151]	Legal change and recognition is possible only with sterilization^[166]
Iceland	Legal since 1940	Registered Partnership from 1996 to 2010	Legal since 2010	Legal since 2006	N/A	Bans all anti-gay discrimination	Documents can be amended to the recognised gender.
Latvia	Legal since 1992^[37]		Constitutionally banned since 2006	/ An unmarried person may adopt child alone. Adoption by multiple persons that are not married banned.		Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[151]	Documents are amended accordingly, no medical intervention required.^[167]
Lithuania	Legal since 1993		Constitutionally banned since 1992	Only married couples can adopt		Bans all anti-gay discrimination / There is a law which can be, and actually was, interpreted as a ban on public speech about LGBT	Gender change legal since 2003.^[168]
Norway	Legal since 1972^[37]	Registered Partnership from 1993 to 2008	Legal since 2009	Legal since 2009		Bans all anti-gay discrimination.^[169]	All documents can be amended to the recognised gender.
Sweden	Legal since 1944	Registered Partnership from 1995 to 2009	Legal since 2009	Legal since 2003		Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[151]

Southern Europe

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Civil union	Same-sex marriage	Same-sex adoption	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Albania	Legal since 1995^[37]					Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[151]	Forbids discrimination based on gender identity. Gender change not legal.^[149]
Andorra	Legal since 1791 (as part of France)	Stable union since 2005			N/A	Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[151]	Gender change not legal
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Legal since 1998^[37]					Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[151]
Bulgaria	Legal since 1968		Constitutionally banned since 1991.	/ Single gay persons may adopt.		Bans all anti-gay discrimination	(Requires sterilization for change)
Cyprus	Legal since 1998^[37]	(bill drafted and issued for public consultation)^[170]				Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[151]	Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.
Gibraltar (overseas territory of the United Kingdom)	Legal since 1993	Civil partnership since 2014		Legal since 2013	UK responsible for defence	Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Greece	Legal since 1951					Bans all anti-gay discrimination	(Requires sterilization for change)
Italy	Legal since 1890	(pending)	(pending)	/ Gay individuals may adopt		Bans some anti-gay discrimination	Since 1982 legal recognition and documents can be amended to the recognised gender.^[171]
Macedonia	Legal since 1996^[37]		(constitutional ban pending)	(constitutional ban proposed)^[172]
Malta	Legal since 1973	Civil union since 2014		Legal Since 2014		Bans all anti-gay discrimination	All documents can be amended to the recognised gender.
Montenegro	Legal since 1977^[37]		Constitutionally banned since 2007.			Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[151]	(Requires sterilization for change).^[149] Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.
Portugal	Legal since 1983		Legal since 2010			Bans all anti-gay discrimination, according to national Constitution.	Since 2011, All documents can be amended to the recognised gender.
San Marino	Legal since 2001					Bans some anti-gay discrimination	Gender change not legal.^[149]
Serbia	Legal since 1994^[37]		Constitutionally banned since 2006.			Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[151]	Gender change is legal (since 2007).
Spain	Legal since 1979^[37]	Legal since 2004^[37]	Legal since 2005			Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[151]	Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender^[173]
Turkey	Legal since 1858						(Requires sterilization for change)
Vatican City	Legal				N/A

Western Europe

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Civil union	Same-sex marriage	Same-sex adoption	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Belgium	Legal since 1795^[37] (as part of France) (Illegal from 1944-1944/1945 as part of Reichskommissariat Belgien-Nordfrankreich and under annexation of Nazi Germany)	Statutory cohabitation since 2000	Legal since 2003	Legal since 2006		Bans all anti-gay discrimination	The 2007 law concerning transsexuality^[174] grants the right to a legal name and gender change (Requires hormone treatment for name change and sterilization for gender change)
France	Legal since 1791^[37] (Illegal in Alsace-Lorraine from 1871–1918 and 1940-1944/1945 under annexation of Imperial and Nazi Germany and illegal in Nord and Pas-de-Calais from 1944-1945 as part of Reichskommissariat Belgien-Nordfrankreich)	Civil solidarity pact since 1999	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2013		Bans all anti-gay discrimination	(Requires sterilization for change)
Guernsey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)	Legal since 1983, age of consent equalised in 2012^[175]^[176]	(proposed)	(proposed)	(proposed)	UK responsible for defence	Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[177]	2004 anti-discrimination law. Legal gender change since 2007: Case law only. Only allows a new birth certificate to be issued. Does not amend or remove records of existing birth certificates, extension to Alderney and Sark unclear, does extend to Herm.^[177]^[178]
Ireland	Legal since 1993	Civil partnership since 2011	(pending a scheduled referendum)	/ Single gay persons may adopt. Step Child adoption under consideration.		Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[179]^[180]^[181]	Legislation to recognise gender identity pending after High Court ruling in favour.
Isle of Man (Crown dependencies of the United Kingdom)	Legal since 1992^[37]	Civil partnership since 2011		Legal since 2011	UK responsible for defence	Bans all anti-gay discrimination
Jersey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)	Legal since 1990^[37]	Civil partnership since 2012	(Pending)		UK responsible for defence		Gender Recognition (Jersey) Law 2010^[182]
Luxembourg	Legal since 1795 (as part of France) (Illegal from 1942-1944/1945 under annexation of Nazi Germany)	Partnership since 2004	Legal from 2015	Legal from 2015		Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[183]	(Requires sterilization for change) ^[149]
Monaco	Legal since 1793 (as part of France)				France responsible for defence
Netherlands	Legal since 1811 (as part of France) (Illegal from 1940-1944/1945 as part of Reichskommissariat Niederlande)	Registered partnership since 1998	Legal since 2001.			Bans all anti-gay discrimination
United Kingdom	Legal in England and Wales since 1967, in Scotland since 1981 and in Northern Ireland since 1982	Civil partnership since 2005	Legal in England and Wales, and Scotland since 2014 Illegal in Northern Ireland	Legal in England and Wales since 2005, in Scotland since 2009 and Northern Ireland since 2013		Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[184]^[37]	Gender Recognition Act 2004

Partially or unrecognised states

LGBT rights in:	Same-sex sexual activity	Same-sex marriage	Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Abkhazia
Kosovo	Legal since 1994^[37] (as part of Yugoslavia)	^[185]	Bans all anti-gay discrimination^[186]
Nagorno-Karabakh
Northern Cyprus	Legal since 2014^[187]^[188]		^[187]^[188]	Discrimination or hate speech banned since 2014.^[187]^[188] Unknown if gender change is legal.
South Ossetia
Transnistria	^[189]

Oceania

Tables:

Australasia

LGBT rights in:	Homosexual acts legal?	Recognition of same-sex relationships	Same-sex marriage	Same-sex adoption	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Australia (including territories of Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Norfolk Island)	Legal nationwide since 1994 + UN decl. sign. (Age of consent discrepancy in Queensland only)	Unregistered cohabitation since 2009 Registered relationship schemes in ACT, Tasmania, Victoria, Queensland and New South Wales	Banned federally under the Marriage Amendment Act 2004^[190]	/ Single gay persons may adopt; joint adoption in ACT, New South Wales, Tasmania and Western Australia. Stepchild adoption in Victoria. Banned in South Australia, Queensland and Northern Territory	Since 1992	Bans all anti-gay discrimination.^[191]	^[191]
New Zealand	Legal since 1986 + UN decl. sign.	Unregistered cohabitation since 2001 Civil union since 2005.	Legal since 2013^[192]	Legal since 2013 for married couples and individuals (banned for unmarried and civil union couples regardless of sexual orientation)^[192]	Since 1993	Bans all anti-gay discrimination	Covered under the "sex discrimination" provision of the Human Rights Act 1993 since 2006.

Melanesia

LGBT rights in:	Homosexual acts legal?	Recognition of same-sex relationships	Same-sex marriage	Same-sex adoption	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
East Timor (terminology "Oceania" varies on border definitions)	Legal since 1975^[37] + UN decl. sign.
Fiji	Legal since 2010^[193] + UN decl. sign.					Bans some anti-gay discrimination^[37]
New Caledonia (overseas collectivity of France)	Legal	PACS legal since 2009	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2013	French responsibility	Bans all anti-gay discrimination	(Requires sterilization for change)
Papua New Guinea	Male Illegal (Penalty: 3 to 14 years imprisonment) Female Unknown ^[37]
Solomon Islands	Illegal (Up to 14 years imprisonment)^[37]				N/A
Vanuatu	Legal since 2007^[37] + UN decl. sign.

Micronesia

LGBT rights in:	Homosexual acts legal?	Recognition of same-sex relationships	Same-sex adoption	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Guam (unincorporated territory of the United States)	Legal since 1979	(proposed)	Legal since 2002	US responsibility	Bans all anti-gay discrimination, also US hate crime laws also apply to all US external territories as well	The US hate crime laws also apply to all US external territories as well
Federated States of Micronesia	Legal^[37] + UN decl. sign.			N/A
Kiribati	Male illegal Female legal^[37]			N/A
Marshall Islands	Legal since 2005^[37] + UN decl. sign.			N/A
Nauru	Male illegal Female legal^[37] (legalisation proposed) + UN decl. sign.			N/A
Northern Mariana Islands (unincorporated territory of the United States)	Legal since 1983			US responsibility	The US hate crime laws also apply to all US external territories as well	The US hate crime laws also apply to all US external territories as well
Palau	Legal since 2014^[194] + UN decl. sign.			N/A

Polynesia

LGBT rights in:	Homosexual acts legal?	Recognition of same-sex relationships	Same-sex marriage	Same-sex adoption	Allows gays to serve openly in military?	Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation)	Laws concerning gender identity/expression
American Samoa (unincorporated territory of the United States)^[195]	Legal since 1980				US responsibility	The US hate crime laws also apply to all US external territories as well	The US hate crime laws also apply to all US external territories as well
Easter Island (overseas territory of Chile)	Legal since 1998	(Pending)	(Pending)		Chilean responsibility		Since 2007
Cook Islands (part of the Realm of New Zealand)	Male illegal Female legal^[37]				New Zealand's responsibility
French Polynesia (overseas collectivity of France)	Legal	PACS legal since 2009	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2013	French responsibility	Bans all anti-gay discrimination	(Requires sterilization for change)
Hawaii (State of the United States)	Legal since 1973	Civil unions legal since 2012	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2012	Since 2011	Bans discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation	Bans discrimination on the basis of gender identity/expression
Niue (part of the Realm of New Zealand)	Legal since 2007^[37]				New Zealand's responsibility
Pitcairn Islands (overseas territory of the United Kingdom)	Legal since 2001				UK responsible for defence	Discrimination banned by the constitution^[196]
Samoa	Illegal + UN decl. sign.				N/A		Samoa has a large transgendered or "third-gendered" community called the Fa'afafine. This is a recognized part of traditional Samoan customs, and usually refers to MTFs.
Tokelau (part of the Realm of New Zealand)	Legal since 2007^[37]				New Zealand's responsibility
Tonga	Male illegal (Penalty: Up to 10 years imprisonment, corporal punishment) Female legal^[37]
Tuvalu	Male illegal (Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment) Female legal^[37] + UN decl. sign.				N/A
Wallis and Futuna (overseas collectivity of France)	Legal	PACS legal since 2009	Legal since 2013	Legal since 2013	French responsibility	Bans all anti-gay discrimination	(Requires sterilization for change)

References

^ "About LGBT Human Rights". Amnesty International. Retrieved March 29, 2013.
^ Becker, John (March 23, 2012). "LGBT Rights Are Civil Rights". Huffington Post. Retrieved March 29, 2013.
^ Jordans, Frank (June 17, 2011). "U.N. Gay Rights Protection Resolution Passes, Hailed As 'Historic Moment'". Associated Press.
^ "UN issues first report on human rights of gay and lesbian people". United Nations. 15 December 2011.
^ Percy, William A. (1996). Pederasty and Pedagogy in Archaic Greece. University of Illinois Press. p. 18. ISBN 0-252-06740-1. Retrieved 2009-09-18. ; Rankin, H.D. Celts and the Classical World, p.55
^ Rankin, p. 55
^ Rankin, p.78
^ ritiya-Prakriti: People of the Third Sex, p. 40
^ "Gay and Lesbian Vaishnava Association, Inc". Galva108.org. Retrieved 2013-11-02.
^ Eva Cantarella, Bisexuality in the Ancient World (Yale University Press, 1992, 2002, originally published 1988 in Italian), p. xi; Marilyn B. Skinner, introduction to Roman Sexualities (Princeton University Press, 1997), p. 11.
^ Thomas A.J. McGinn, Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law in Ancient Rome (Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 326.
^ Catharine Edwards, "Unspeakable Professions: Public Performance and Prostitution in Ancient Rome," in Roman Sexualities, pp. 67–68.
^ Amy Richlin, The Garden of Priapus: Sexuality and Aggression in Roman Humor (Oxford University Press, 1983, 1992), p. 225, and "Not before Homosexuality: The Materiality of the cinaedus and the Roman Law against Love between Men," Journal of the History of Sexuality 3.4 (1993), p. 525.
^ Plutarch, Moralia 288a; Thomas Habinek, "The Invention of Sexuality in the World-City of Rome," in The Roman Cultural Revolution (Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. 39; Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality," pp. 545–546. Scholars disagree as to whether the Lex Scantinia imposed the death penalty or a hefty fine.
^ Craig Williams, Roman Homosexuality (Oxford University Press, 1999, 2010), p. 304, citing Saara Lilja, Homosexuality in Republican and Augustan Rome (Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1983), p. 122.
^ Williams, Roman Homosexuality, pp. 214–215; Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality," passim.
^ Catharine Edwards, The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome (Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp. 63–64.
^ As recorded in a fragment of the speech De Re Floria by Cato the Elder (frg. 57 Jordan = Aulus Gellius 9.12.7), noted and discussed by Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality," p. 561.
^ Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality," pp. 562–563. See also Digest 48.5.35 [34] on legal definitions of rape that included boys.
^ Under the Lex Aquilia. See McGinn, Prostitution, Sexuality, and the Law in Ancient Rome, p. 314.
^ McGinn, Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law in Ancient Rome, p. 40.
^ Sara Elise Phang, Roman Military Service: Ideologies of Discipline in the Late Republic and Early Principate (Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 93.
^ Polybius, Histories 6.37.9 (translated as bastinado).
^ Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers, pp. 280–285.
^ Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers, p. 3.
^ Williams, Roman Homosexuality, p. 112 et passim.
^ Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers, pp. 285–292.
^ Juvenal, Satire 2; Williams, Roman Homosexuality, p. 28.
^ Suetonius Life of Nero 28–29; Williams, Roman Homosexuality, p. 279ff.
^ Michael Groneberg, "Reasons for Homophobia: Three Types of Explanation," in Combatting Homophobia: Experiences and Analyses Pertinent to Education (LIT Verlag, 2011), p. 193.
^ Codex Theodosianus 9.7.3 (4 December 342), introduced by the sons of Constantine in 342.
^ Groneberg, "Reasons for Homophobia," p. 193.
^ Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (December, 1970). Sexual Inversion among the Azande. American Anthropologist, New Series, 72(6), 1428–1434.
^ Leupp, Gary P. (1999). Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan. University of California Press. pp. 53–54. ISBN 0-520-20909-5.
^ Murray, Stephen (ed.); Roscoe, Will (ed.) (1998). Boy Wives and Female Husbands: Studies of African Homosexualities. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-23829-0. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Herdt, Gilbert H. (1984), Ritualized Homosexuality in Melanesia, University of California Press, pp. 128–136, ISBN 0-520-08096-3
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adults The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, authored by Lucas Paoli Itaborahy, May 2013
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^ http://ilga.org/ilga/en/countries/GHANA/Law
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^ The Sexual Offences Bill 2007
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^ EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES ACT 2008
^ Mozambique Gay Rights Group Wants Explicit Constitutional Protections
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^ http://www.lgbtnet.dk/countries/africa/namibia
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^ http://www.sdpnoticias.com/gay/2013/12/23/legalizan-bodas-gays-en-campeche
^ ^a ^b ^c David Agren (10 August 2010). "Mexican States Ordered to Honor Gay Marriages". New York Times. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
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^ HHS: Health Reform Law Prohibits Antitransgender Bias in Care
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^ (Spanish) Entra en vigor nuevo Código de Trabajo
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^ CNJ obriga cartórios de todo o país a celebrar casamento entre gays
^ CNJ obriga cartórios a celebrar casamento entre homossexuais
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^ http://www.latercera.com/noticia/politica/2010/08/674-281376-9-fulvio-rossi-presenta-proyecto-que-instaura-matrimonio-homosexual.shtml
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^ "Chile Congress passes anti-discrimination law". Jurist.org. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
^ http://www.biobiochile.cl/2014/01/21/senado-aprueba-idea-de-legislar-proyecto-de-ley-de-identidad-de-genero.shtml
^ http://noticias.terra.cl/nacional/,08dc7e10cb6b3410VgnVCM20000099cceb0aRCRD.html
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^ http://archivo.presidencia.gub.uy/sci/leyes/2013/05/mec_913.pdf
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^ Rachel Weiner (15 May 2009). "Uruguay Lifts Ban On Gays In The Military". Huffington Post. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
^ ^a ^b (Spanish) Congress of Uruguay (18 August 2004). "Ley N° 17.817". Retrieved 1 January 2010.
^ Free Speech Radio News (11 December 2009). "Uruguay passes bill to allow citizens to choose gender identity". Retrieved 1 January 2010.
^ http://www.juridicas.unam.mx/publica/librev/rev/indercom/cont/27/leg/leg8.pdf
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^ LGBTQ Timeline
^ "Law prohibiting discrimination in products, services, and entry to businesses" (in Hebrew). Israeli Economy Ministry. Retrieved 2013-05-09.
^ "El Al vs. Yonatan Danilovich" (in Hebrew). Supreme Court of Israel. Retrieved 2013-05-09.
^ Kuwait Law
^ http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/would-gays-be-executed-or-imprisoned-palestinian-state_593540.html
^ Bangladesh government makes Hijra an official gender option
^ CIVIL APPEAL NO.10972 OF 2013 (Arising out of SLP (C) No.15436 of 2009), Supreme Court of India, retrieved on 15 April 2014
^ "India’s Supreme Court Restores an 1861 Law Banning Gay Sex". The New York Times. 11 December 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
^ ^a ^b "Lesbian marriages, born of a legal loophole, stir debate in India".
^ "Being gay still a crime in the military". StratPost. 2 July 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
^ Supreme Court recognizes transgenders as 'third gender', The Times of India, retrieved 15 April 2014
^ "CBC News - Film - Iran's gay plan". Cbc.ca. 26 August 2008. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
^ Darker side of the Maldives: Public lashings, religious extremists and a gay blogger with his throat slashed
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^ "Asia's Silence on Gays in Military Broken by Taiwan". Palm Center. 15 May 2002. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
^ Rough Guide to South East Asia: Third Edition. Rough Guides Ltd. August 2005. p. 74. ISBN 1843534371.
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^ http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/324189/davao-council-bans-discrimination-vs-gays-minority-differently-abled
^ "Gay Filipinos and Rainbow - INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos". Lifestyle.inquirer.net. 21 November 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
^ Perspective: what has the EU done for LGBT rights?, Café Babel, 17 May 2010
^ What is the current legal situation in the EU?, ILGA Europe
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Map shows how Europe forces trans people to be sterilized
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^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Rainbow Europe Country Index
^ The Constitution of the Republic of Poland
^ see for example: T. Smyczynski, Prawo rodzinne i opiekuńcze, C.H. Beck 2005
^ Homophobia and Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in the EU Member States Part II: The Social Situation
^ Law change criminalises homophobia
^ "Confronting Homophobia in Europe". Retrieved 2013-10-10.
^ (German) 13.468 – Parlamentarische Initiative - Ehe für alle
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^ Comment: With all eyes on anti-gay Russia, there are three countries with a shocking need for coverage
^ LAW OF GEORGIA ON THE ELIMINATION OF All FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION
^ Denmark changes sex change laws
^ (Estonian) "Kooseluseadus". Riigikogu. 9 October 2014.
^ (Finnish) Ihmisoikeudet kuuluvat myös transsukupuolisille
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^ Sexual Offences (Bailiwick of Guernsey) (Amendment) Law, 2011
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External links

International Lesbian and Gay Association
- State-sponsored Homophobia report (2012 edition)
- Lesbian and Gay Rights in the World map (2012 edition)
Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual: Law at DMOZ
Amnesty International USA: LGBT legal status around the world — interactive map
GayLawNet: Laws — information by country
International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission
- Resource links — for researching legal information
International Commission of Jurists, Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Justice - A Comparative Law Casebook
United Nations Human Rights Council, Discriminatory laws and practices and acts of violence against individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity, an annual report

Wikimedia Commons has media related to LGBT rights by country or territory.

[AI-1] "About LGBT Human Rights". Amnesty International. Retrieved March 29, 2013.

[Becker-2] Becker, John (March 23, 2012). "LGBT Rights Are Civil Rights". Huffington Post. Retrieved March 29, 2013.

[3] Jordans, Frank (June 17, 2011). "U.N. Gay Rights Protection Resolution Passes, Hailed As 'Historic Moment'". Associated Press.

[4] "UN issues first report on human rights of gay and lesbian people". United Nations. 15 December 2011.

[5] Percy, William A. (1996). Pederasty and Pedagogy in Archaic Greece. University of Illinois Press. p. 18. ISBN 0-252-06740-1. Retrieved 2009-09-18. ; Rankin, H.D. Celts and the Classical World, p.55

[6] Rankin, p. 55

[7] Rankin, p.78

[8] ritiya-Prakriti: People of the Third Sex, p. 40

[9] "Gay and Lesbian Vaishnava Association, Inc". Galva108.org. Retrieved 2013-11-02.

[10] Eva Cantarella, Bisexuality in the Ancient World (Yale University Press, 1992, 2002, originally published 1988 in Italian), p. xi; Marilyn B. Skinner, introduction to Roman Sexualities (Princeton University Press, 1997), p. 11.

[11] Thomas A.J. McGinn, Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law in Ancient Rome (Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 326.

[12] Catharine Edwards, "Unspeakable Professions: Public Performance and Prostitution in Ancient Rome," in Roman Sexualities, pp. 67–68.

[13] Amy Richlin, The Garden of Priapus: Sexuality and Aggression in Roman Humor (Oxford University Press, 1983, 1992), p. 225, and "Not before Homosexuality: The Materiality of the cinaedus and the Roman Law against Love between Men," Journal of the History of Sexuality 3.4 (1993), p. 525.

[14] Plutarch, Moralia 288a; Thomas Habinek, "The Invention of Sexuality in the World-City of Rome," in The Roman Cultural Revolution (Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. 39; Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality," pp. 545–546. Scholars disagree as to whether the Lex Scantinia imposed the death penalty or a hefty fine.

[15] Craig Williams, Roman Homosexuality (Oxford University Press, 1999, 2010), p. 304, citing Saara Lilja, Homosexuality in Republican and Augustan Rome (Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1983), p. 122.

[16] Williams, Roman Homosexuality, pp. 214–215; Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality," passim.

[17] Catharine Edwards, The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome (Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp. 63–64.

[18] As recorded in a fragment of the speech De Re Floria by Cato the Elder (frg. 57 Jordan = Aulus Gellius 9.12.7), noted and discussed by Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality," p. 561.

[19] Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality," pp. 562–563. See also Digest 48.5.35 [34] on legal definitions of rape that included boys.

[20] Under the Lex Aquilia. See McGinn, Prostitution, Sexuality, and the Law in Ancient Rome, p. 314.

[21] McGinn, Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law in Ancient Rome, p. 40.

[22] Sara Elise Phang, Roman Military Service: Ideologies of Discipline in the Late Republic and Early Principate (Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 93.

[23] Polybius, Histories 6.37.9 (translated as bastinado).

[24] Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers, pp. 280–285.

[25] Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers, p. 3.

[26] Williams, Roman Homosexuality, p. 112 et passim.

[27] Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers, pp. 285–292.

[28] Juvenal, Satire 2; Williams, Roman Homosexuality, p. 28.

[29] Suetonius Life of Nero 28–29; Williams, Roman Homosexuality, p. 279ff.

[30] Michael Groneberg, "Reasons for Homophobia: Three Types of Explanation," in Combatting Homophobia: Experiences and Analyses Pertinent to Education (LIT Verlag, 2011), p. 193.

[31] Codex Theodosianus 9.7.3 (4 December 342), introduced by the sons of Constantine in 342.

[32] Groneberg, "Reasons for Homophobia," p. 193.

[evanspritchard-33] Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (December, 1970). Sexual Inversion among the Azande. American Anthropologist, New Series, 72(6), 1428–1434.

[34] Leupp, Gary P. (1999). Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan. University of California Press. pp. 53–54. ISBN 0-520-20909-5.

[murrayroscoe-35] Murray, Stephen (ed.); Roscoe, Will (ed.) (1998). Boy Wives and Female Husbands: Studies of African Homosexualities. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-23829-0. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

[melanesia-36] Herdt, Gilbert H. (1984), Ritualized Homosexuality in Melanesia, University of California Press, pp. 128–136, ISBN 0-520-08096-3

[ILGA_2013-37] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adults The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, authored by Lucas Paoli Itaborahy, May 2013

[38] ttp://ilga.org/ilga/en/countries/EGYPT/Law

[39] ttp://ilga.org/ilga/en/countries/LIBYAN%20ARAB%20JAMAHIRIYA/Law

[40] ttp://ilga.org/ilga/en/countries/MOROCCO/Law

[41] ttp://ilga.org/ilga/en/countries/TUNISIA/Law

[42] ttp://ilga.org/ilga/en/countries/BENIN/Law

[43] ttp://ilga.org/ilga/en/countries/GHANA/Law

[44] ttp://ilga.org/ilga/en/countries/NIGERIA/Law

[45] 2012 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Sao Tome and Principe, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, page 10

[46] Burundi abolishes the death penalty but bans homosexuality 27 April 2009.

[47] Kenya Constitution

[48] The Sexual Offences Bill 2007

[Africa:_Outspoken_activists_defend_continent.27s_sexual_diversity-49] Africa: Outspoken activists defend continent's sexual diversity

[50] EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES ACT 2008

[51] Mozambique Gay Rights Group Wants Explicit Constitutional Protections

[52] Country Reports on Human Rights Practices

[53] ttp://www.lgbtnet.dk/countries/africa/namibia

[54] Johnson, Ayo (June 15, 2013). "MPs approve historic Human Rights Act changes". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved June 15, 2013.

[55] "Criminal Code (R.S., 1985, c. C-46), Section 159, Subsection (1)". Department of Justice Canada. 21 May 2010.

[56] Status differs in provinces and territories:

Mary C. Hurley (31 May 2007). "Sexual Orientation and Legal Rights". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 21 January 2010.

Jennifer A. Cooper (31 December 2001). "Opinion on Common-Law Relationships". Government of Manitoba. Retrieved 21 January 2010.

"Gay couple leaps 'walls' to adopt son". Edmonton Journal. 19 February 2007.

"Legal Information for Same Sex Couples". Legal Information for Same Sex Couples. Retrieved 3 September 2010.

"Yukon Adoption: Important Adoption Issues". Adoptiveparents.ca. Retrieved 2013-03-16.

[57] Mary C. Hurley (31 May 2007). "Sexual Orientation and Legal Rights". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 21 January 2010.

[58] Jennifer A. Cooper (31 December 2001). "Opinion on Common-Law Relationships". Government of Manitoba. Retrieved 21 January 2010.

[59] "Gay couple leaps 'walls' to adopt son". Edmonton Journal. 19 February 2007.

[60] "Legal Information for Same Sex Couples". Legal Information for Same Sex Couples. Retrieved 3 September 2010.

[61] "Yukon Adoption: Important Adoption Issues". Adoptiveparents.ca. Retrieved 2013-03-16.

[57] "Canadian Armed Forces". The Canadian Lesbian & Gay Archives. Retrieved 30 September 2010.

[58] Northwest Territories Human Rights Act, S.N.W.T. 2002, c.18. Section 5.

[59] "Ontario passes law to protect transgender people". CBC News. June 13, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012.

[60] ttp://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/topic.page?id=C53953157EE344A681EFD28325B526F4

[61] (Spanish) Leopoldo Ramos (11 January 2007). "Aprueba Coahuila la figura del pacto civil de solidaridad". La Jornada. Retrieved 15 February 2014.

[62] (Spanish) Pedro Zamora Briseño (29 July 2013). "Aprueba Colima "enlace conyugal" entre parejas del mismo sexo". Proceso. Retrieved 15 February 2014.

[63] (Spanish) "Jalisco avala Ley de Libre Convivencia para regular parejas del mismo sexo". CNN México. 31 October 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2014.

[64] ttp://www.sdpnoticias.com/gay/2013/12/23/legalizan-bodas-gays-en-campeche

[Gay_marriage_recognition-65] David Agren (10 August 2010). "Mexican States Ordered to Honor Gay Marriages". New York Times. Retrieved 11 August 2010.

[66] (Spanish) Varillas, Adriana (3 May 2012). "Revocan anulación de bodas gay en QRoo". El Universal. Retrieved 15 February 2014.

[67] (Spanish) Mauricio Torres (14 November 2013). "Senadores proponen legalizar el matrimonio gay en todo México". CNN México. Retrieved 15 February 2014.

[68] (Spanish) "Propone Fernando Mayans Canabal reconocer el matrimonio sin distinción de preferencia sexual". Senado de México. 20 November 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2014.

[Gay_marriage_effective-69] Associated Press (4 March 2010). "Mexico City's gay marriage law takes effect". MSNBC. Retrieved 6 March 2010.

[70] (Spanish) Jesús Castro (12 February 2014). "Ya pueden parejas gay adoptar en Coahuila; PAN vota en contra". Vanguardia. Retrieved 12 February 2014.

[adoption_mx-71] "Intercountry Adoption: Mexico". Office of Children Issues, U.S. Dept. of State. November 2009.

[72] (Spanish) Milenio Semanal (17 October 2010). "Homosexualidad y Ejército". Retrieved 31 October 2010.

[Federal_Law-73] International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC) (23 April 2003). "Mexico protects its gay and lesbian citizens with new law". Retrieved 27 November 2009.

[74] International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA) Trans (29 August 2008). "Mexico City extends official rights to transgender individuals". Retrieved 27 November 2009.

[75] Geidner, Chris (23 April 2012). "Transgender Breakthrough". Metro Weekly. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

[76] HHS: Health Reform Law Prohibits Antitransgender Bias in Care

[77] ttp://www.nacion.com/nacional/salud-publica/CCSS-aprobo-extender-seguro-parejas_0_1416058622.html

[CarNL-78] "Burgerlijk Wetboek, Boek 1 (Civil Code, Book 1)". Government of the Netherlands. Retrieved 19 April 2013.

[79] (Spanish) Gaceta Oficial No. 29 Extraordinaria de 17 de junio de 2014

[80] (Spanish) Entra en vigor nuevo Código de Trabajo

[81] Dominican Republic reiterates ban on gay cops and soldiers

[82] "Constitution of Montserrat Part I: Fundamental Rights & Freedoms". Government of Montserrat. Retrieved 15 July 2014.

[83] Argentina Passes Gay Marriage Bill

[84] AG magazine (2 March 2009). "A New Argentina Overturns Gay Military Ban". Queerty. Retrieved 1 January 2010.

[85] Página12, 10 May 2012

[86] Constitución Política del Estado VIGENTE Bolivia

[87] [1]

[88] ttp://www.stf.jus.br/portal/cms/verNoticiaDetalhe.asp?idConteudo=178931

[89] CNJ obriga cartórios de todo o país a celebrar casamento entre gays

[90] CNJ obriga cartórios a celebrar casamento entre homossexuais

[91] ttp://www.athosgls.com.br/noticias_visualiza.php?contcod=29208

[92] (Portuguese) Patricia Silva Gadelha (March 2006). "A prática da pederastia é crime militar". Jus Navigandi. Retrieved 10 September 2013.

[93] Homosexuality is not deviant - Federal Council of Psychologists of Brazil (Portuguese)

[94] Psychiatrist Jairo Bouer talks about the "collateral effects" of "gay cure" bill (Portuguese)

[95] (Portuguese) Iara Bernardi (December 2010). "Projeto de Lei 122/2006". Retrieved 31 December 2010.

[96] (Portuguese) Expresso da Notícia (13 January 2006). "Justiça autoriza alteração no registro de transexual que trocou de sexo". Jus Brasil. Retrieved 1 January 2010.

[97] (Portuguese) Expresso da Notícia (25 December 2005). "Justica autoriza mudança de sexo em documentos". Jus Brasil. Retrieved 1 January 2010.

[98] Changing name and sex in documentation – Brazilian Association of Trans Men (Portuguese)

[99] ttp://noticias.terra.cl/nacional/politica/aprueban-idea-de-legislar-proyecto-de-avp-en-el-senado,fd6b7b7e4ee63410VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html

[100] ttp://www.latercera.com/noticia/politica/2010/08/674-281376-9-fulvio-rossi-presenta-proyecto-que-instaura-matrimonio-homosexual.shtml

[101] (Spanish) Claudio Ortiz Lazo. "Reflexiones en torno a la homosexualidady fuerzas armadas". Revista Fuerzas Armadas y Sociedad. Retrieved 21 April 2012.

[102] (Spanish) Movilh (February 2011). "IX Informe Anual de Derechos Humanos de la Diversidad Sexual en Chile". Retrieved 21 April 2012.

[103] "Chile Congress passes anti-discrimination law". Jurist.org. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.

[104] ttp://www.biobiochile.cl/2014/01/21/senado-aprueba-idea-de-legislar-proyecto-de-ley-de-identidad-de-genero.shtml

[105] ttp://noticias.terra.cl/nacional/,08dc7e10cb6b3410VgnVCM20000099cceb0aRCRD.html

[106] ttp://www.enewspaper.mx/archivos/98136

[107] "Histórico fallo: Corte aprueba adopción de niña a compañera lesbiana de su madre biológica". (Spanish)

[108] "Este miércoles el presidente Santos sanciona ley antidiscriminación". ElTiempo.com. 29 November 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2011. (Spanish)

[109] Mora, Manuel Velandia. "Cambio de nombre es posible en Colombia". Manuel Antonio Velandia Mora Autobiografía y artículos. Retrieved 30 September 2010. (Spanish)

[110] Rodríguez, Yesyd. "Ecuador celebró la primera unión de hecho entre personas del mismo sexo, desatando la indignación de la iglesia católica". Dos Manzanas. Retrieved 30 September 2010. (Spanish)

[111] The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008

[112] ttp://www.thedailyherald.com/regional/2-news/33563-army-wont-discriminate-against-its-gay-soldiers-.html

[paraguay-113] "Paraguay - Constitution". International Contitutional Law. Retrieved 30 September 2010.

[114] (Spanish) La unión civil y unión solidaria volverán a debatirse en agosto en Perú

[115] "El Tribunal Constitucional de Perú considera que no se puede excluir de la Polícia o el Ejército a las personas homosexuales". Dos Manzanas. 13 December 2009. Retrieved 30 September 2010.

[116] Hilary Burke (18 December 2007). "Uruguay OKs gay unions in Latin American first". Reuters. Retrieved 1 January 2010.

[117] ttp://archivo.presidencia.gub.uy/sci/leyes/2013/05/mec_913.pdf

[118] Reuters (9 September 2009). "Lawmakers in Uruguay Vote to Allow Gay Couples to Adopt". New York Times. Retrieved 1 January 2010.

[119] Rachel Weiner (15 May 2009). "Uruguay Lifts Ban On Gays In The Military". Huffington Post. Retrieved 1 January 2010.

[Ley_N.C2.B0_17.817-120] (Spanish) Congress of Uruguay (18 August 2004). "Ley N° 17.817". Retrieved 1 January 2010.

[121] Free Speech Radio News (11 December 2009). "Uruguay passes bill to allow citizens to choose gender identity". Retrieved 1 January 2010.

[122] ttp://www.juridicas.unam.mx/publica/librev/rev/indercom/cont/27/leg/leg8.pdf

[123] ttp://www.zur2.com/objetivos/senvenez/vagos.html

[124] "Kazakhstan Says No to Gays in Military". Eurasianet. 13 June 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2012.

[125] LGBTQ Timeline

[126] "Law prohibiting discrimination in products, services, and entry to businesses" (in Hebrew). Israeli Economy Ministry. Retrieved 2013-05-09.

[127] "El Al vs. Yonatan Danilovich" (in Hebrew). Supreme Court of Israel. Retrieved 2013-05-09.

[128] Kuwait Law

[129] ttp://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/would-gays-be-executed-or-imprisoned-palestinian-state_593540.html

[130] Bangladesh government makes Hijra an official gender option

[131] CIVIL APPEAL NO.10972 OF 2013 (Arising out of SLP (C) No.15436 of 2009), Supreme Court of India, retrieved on 15 April 2014

[India_1861-132] "India’s Supreme Court Restores an 1861 Law Banning Gay Sex". The New York Times. 11 December 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2014.

[indiaref01-133] "Lesbian marriages, born of a legal loophole, stir debate in India".

[134] "Being gay still a crime in the military". StratPost. 2 July 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2010.

[135] Supreme Court recognizes transgenders as 'third gender', The Times of India, retrieved 15 April 2014

[136] "CBC News - Film - Iran's gay plan". Cbc.ca. 26 August 2008. Retrieved 5 September 2010.

[137] Darker side of the Maldives: Public lashings, religious extremists and a gay blogger with his throat slashed

[138] "Sexual Orientation / Gender Identity References". U.S. Department of State Human Rights Reports for 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2010.

[139] "Asia's Silence on Gays in Military Broken by Taiwan". Palm Center. 15 May 2002. Retrieved 5 September 2010.

[140] Rough Guide to South East Asia: Third Edition. Rough Guides Ltd. August 2005. p. 74. ISBN 1843534371.

[141] "Aceh passes stoning law". The Straits Times. 14 September 2009. Retrieved 22 December 2009.

[142] "Sacking Sergeant SNF, Court: Homosex a Threat to Army". Detik. 16 November 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.

[Gay_Pilipinas-143] "Philippines: Congress Approves Anti-Discrimination Bill". Iglhrc.org. 24 January 2004. Retrieved 5 September 2010.

[www.sunstar.com.ph-144] PNA, PNA. "Passage of Cebu's anti-discrimination law lauded". Local News. Sun Star Publishing, Inc. Retrieved 23 October 2012.

[145] ttp://newsinfo.inquirer.net/324189/davao-council-bans-discrimination-vs-gays-minority-differently-abled

[146] "Gay Filipinos and Rainbow - INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos". Lifestyle.inquirer.net. 21 November 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2010.

[Babel-147] Perspective: what has the EU done for LGBT rights?, Café Babel, 17 May 2010

[current-148] What is the current legal situation in the EU?, ILGA Europe

[GSN-149] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Map shows how Europe forces trans people to be sterilized

[150] (Croatian) "Zakon o suzbijanju diskriminacije". Narodne-novine.nn.hr. 21 July 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2014.

[Rainbow_Europe_Country_Index-151] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Rainbow Europe Country Index

[152] The Constitution of the Republic of Poland

[153] see for example: T. Smyczynski, Prawo rodzinne i opiekuńcze, C.H. Beck 2005

[154] Homophobia and Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in the EU Member States Part II: The Social Situation

[155] Law change criminalises homophobia

[156] "Confronting Homophobia in Europe". Retrieved 2013-10-10.

[157] (German) 13.468 – Parlamentarische Initiative - Ehe für alle

[158] Switzerland: a law will open some adoption rights to homosexuals, dot429.com, Retrieved 29 March 2014

[159] (French) Avis de droit OFEC: Transsexualisme, Federal Department of Justice and Police, retrieved on 9 May 2013

[160] "Armenia: Gays live with threats of violence, abuse". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 30 March 2010. Retrieved 8 June 2012.

[161] "Belarus: Attitude towards homosexuals and lesbians in Belarus; state protection available to non-heterosexuals in Belarus with special attention to Minsk (2000-2005)". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 17 January 2006. Retrieved 11 August 2012.

[162] Comment: With all eyes on anti-gay Russia, there are three countries with a shocking need for coverage

[163] LAW OF GEORGIA ON THE ELIMINATION OF All FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION

[164] Denmark changes sex change laws

[165] (Estonian) "Kooseluseadus". Riigikogu. 9 October 2014.

[166] (Finnish) Ihmisoikeudet kuuluvat myös transsukupuolisille

[167] (Latvian) Cik viegli pārvērsties no Ievas par Ādamu?

[168] (Lithuanian) Lietuvos Respublikos Civilinis kodeksas (Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania

[169] (Norwegian) "Norwegian Penal code, Straffeloven, section 135a". Lovdata.

[170] "Δημόσια Διαβούλευση Ο περί Συμφώνου Συμβίωσης Νόμος του 2014". Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία, Υπουργείο Εσωτερικών (in Greek). Retrieved 11 October 2014.

[171] (Italian) "Legge 14 Aprile 1982, n. 164 (GU n. 106 del 19/04/1982) Norme in Materia di Rettificazione di Attribuzione di Sesso". Archived from the original on 23 May 2007.

[172] "Macedonia Moves to Rule Out Same-Sex Marriage". Balkan Insight. 1 July 2014.

[173] (Spanish) Ley 3/2007, de 15 de marzo, reguladora de la rectificación registral de la mención relativa al sexo de las personas

[174] (French) (Dutch) Loi du 10 mai 2007 relative à la transsexualité/Wet van 10 mei 2007 betreffende de transseksualiteit

[175] Sexual Offences (Bailiwick of Guernsey) (Amendment) Law, 2011

[176] Homosexual Offenses and Human Rights in Guernsey

[guernsey-177] "The Prevention of Discrimination (Enabling Provisions) (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law, 2004". Guernsey Legal Resources. Retrieved 31 May 2014.

[178] In the case of X 2007

[179] "Employment Equality Act, 1998". Irishstatutebook.ie. 18 June 1998. Retrieved 11 July 2010.

[180] "Equal Status Act, 2000". Irishstatutebook.ie. 26 April 2000. Retrieved 11 July 2010.

[181] Prohibition of Incitement To Hatred Act, 1989 - Irish Statute Book

[182] GENDER RECOGNITION (JERSEY) LAW 2010

[183] {fr icon}} Mémorial A n° 207 de 2006

[184] Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c. 4)

[185] "LAW NO. 2004/32 FAMILY LAW OF KOSOVO". Retrieved 16 June 2014.

[186] "Constitution of Kosovo; discrimination".

[kaos_gl1-187] Northern Cyprus Decriminalizes Homosexuality and Protects LGBTs Against Hate Speech

[kaos_gl2-188] (Turkish) Kuzey Kıbrıs’ın “Eşcinsellik Suçu” Yasası Tarihe Karıştı!

[189] Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012, page 38

[190] Marriage Amendment Act 2004

[aph.gov.au-191] Sex Discrimination Amendment (Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Intersex Status) Bill 2013

[gaynz.com-192] Marriage equality Bill officially signed into law, GayNZ.com, Retrieved 19 April 2013

[FijiTimes-193] Chand, Shalveen (26 February 2010). "Same sex law decriminalised". Fiji Times. Retrieved 6 October 2011.

[194] Palau decriminalises sex between men

[195] "Sodomy Laws American Samoa". Sodomylaws.org. 28 March 2004. Archived from the original on 2012-02-19. Retrieved 21 December 2008.

[196] The Pitcairn Constitution Order 2010

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LGBT rights by country or territory

Contents

History of LGBT-related laws

Ancient Celts

Ancient India

Ancient Israel and West Asia

Ancient Persia

Ancient Rome

Congo

Feudal Japan

Lesotho

Papua New Guinea

LGBT-related laws by country or territory

Africa

Northern Africa

Western Africa

Middle Africa

Eastern Africa

Indian Ocean States

Southern Africa

Partially recognized/Unrecognized states

The Americas

North America

Central America

Caribbean islands

South America

Asia

Central Asia

Middle East

South Asia

East Asia

Partially recognised states

Southeast Asia

Europe

European Union

Central Europe

Eastern Europe

Northern Europe

Southern Europe

Western Europe

Partially or unrecognised states

Oceania

Australasia

Melanesia

Micronesia

Polynesia

See also

References

External links

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