Honeysuckle

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Honeysuckle
Lonicera ciliosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Eudicots (unranked): Asterids Order: Dipsacales Family: Caprifoliaceae Genus: Lonicera L.
Species
See text - Selected Species

Honeysuckles (Lonicera, pronounced /lɒˈnɪsərə/;^[1] syn. Caprifolium Mill.) are arching shrubs or twining vines in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to the Northern Hemisphere. There are about 180 species of honeysuckle, with by far the greatest diversity in China, where over 100 species occur; by comparison, Europe and North America have only about 20 native species each. Widely known species include Lonicera periclymenum (European Honeysuckle or Woodbine), Lonicera japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle, White Honeysuckle, or Chinese Honeysuckle) and Lonicera sempervirens (Coral Honeysuckle, Trumpet Honeysuckle, or Woodbine Honeysuckle). Hummingbirds are attracted to these plants.

The leaves are opposite, simple oval, 1–10 cm long; most are deciduous but some are evergreen. Many of the species have sweetly-scented, bell-shaped flowers that produce a sweet, edible nectar. Breaking of the Honeysuckle's stem will release this powerful sweet odor. The fruit is a red, blue or black berry containing several seeds; in most species the berries are mildly poisonous, but a few (notably Lonicera caerulea) have edible berries. The plant is eaten by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species - see list of Lepidoptera that feed on honeysuckles.

The name Lonicera stems from Adam Lonicer, a renaissance botanist.

Contents 1 Selected species 2 Honeysuckle in popular culture 3 References 4 External links

[edit] Selected species

Lonicera acuminata Lonicera alberti Lonicera albiflora – White Honeysuckle Lonicera alpigena – Alpine Honeysuckle Lonicera altmannii Lonicera angustifolia Lonicera anisocalyx Lonicera arborea Lonicera arizonica – Arizona Honeysuckle Lonicera biflora Lonicera bournei Lonicera brevisepala Lonicera buchananii Lonicera buddleioides Lonicera caerulea - Blue-berried Honeysuckle Lonicera calcarata Lonicera calvescens Lonicera canadensis – American Fly Honeysuckle Lonicera caprifolium – Perfoliate Honeysuckle Lonicera carnosifolis Lonicera chrysantha – Chrysantha Honeysuckle Lonicera ciliosa – Orange Honeysuckle Lonicera ciliosissima Lonicera cinerea Lonicera codonantha Lonicera confusa Lonicera conjugialis – Purpleflower Honeysuckle Lonicera crassifolia Lonicera cyanocarpa Lonicera dasystyla – Tonkinese Honeysuckle Lonicera dioica – Limber Honeysuckle Lonicera elisae Lonicera etrusca – Etruscan honeysuckle Lonicera fargesii Lonicera ferdinandii Lonicera ferruginea Lonicera flava – Yellow Honeysuckle Lonicera fragilis Lonicera fragrantissima – Winter Honeysuckle Lonicera fulvotomentosa Lonicera glutinosa Lonicera graebneri Lonicera gynochlamydea Lonicera hellenica – Greek Honeysuckle Lonicera hemsleyana Lonicera heterophylla Lonicera hildebrandiana – Giant Burmese Honeysuckle Lonicera hirsuta – Hairy Honeysuckle Lonicera hispida Lonicera hispidula – Pink Honeysuckle Lonicera humilis Lonicera hypoglauca Lonicera hypoleuca Lonicera implexa – Lonicera inconspicua Lonicera inodora Lonicera interrupta – Chaparral Honeysuckle Lonicera involucrata – Bearberry honeysuckle Lonicera japonica – Japanese Honeysuckle Lonicera jilongensis Lonicera kansuensis Lonicera kawakamii Lonicera korolkowii – Blueleaf Honeysuckle Lonicera lanceolata Lonicera ligustrina Lonicera litangensis Lonicera longiflora

Lonicera longituba Lonicera maackii – Amur Honeysuckle Lonicera macrantha Lonicera macranthoides Lonicera maximowiczii Lonicera microphylla Lonicera minuta Lonicera minutifolia Lonicera modesta Lonicera morrowii – Morrows honeysuckle Lonicera mucronata Lonicera myrtillus Lonicera nervosa Lonicera nigra – Black-berried Honeysuckle Lonicera nitida – Box or Boxleaf honeysuckle Lonicera nubium Lonicera nummulariifolia Lonicera oblata Lonicera oblongifolia – Swamp Fly Honeysuckle Lonicera oiwakensis Lonicera oreodoxa Lonicera orientalis Lonicera pampaninii Lonicera periclymenum – Common (or European) honeysuckle, Woodbine Lonicera pileata – Privet honeysuckle Lonicera pilosa - Mexican Honeysuckle Lonicera praeflorens Lonicera prostrata Lonicera pyrenaica Lonicera reticulata – Grape Honeysuckle Lonicera retusa Lonicera rhytidophylla Lonicera rupicola Lonicera ruprechtiana – Manchurian Honeysuckle Lonicera saccata Lonicera schneideriana Lonicera semenovii Lonicera sempervirens – Trumpet Honeysuckle Lonicera serreana Lonicera setifera Lonicera similis Lonicera spinosa Lonicera splendida - Evergreen Honeysuckle Lonicera standishii – Standishs Honeysuckle Lonicera stephanocarpa Lonicera subaequalis Lonicera subhispida Lonicera sublabiata Lonicera subspicata – Southern Honeysuckle Lonicera szechuanica Lonicera taipeiensis Lonicera tangutica Lonicera tatarica – Tartarian Honeysuckle Lonicera tatarinowii Lonicera tomentella Lonicera tragophylla Lonicera tricalysioides Lonicera trichogyne Lonicera trichosantha Lonicera trichosepala Lonicera tubuliflora Lonicera utahensis – Utah Honeysuckle Lonicera villosa – Mountain Fly Honeysuckle Lonicera virgultorum Lonicera webbiana Lonicera xylosteum – (European) Fly Honeysuckle, Dwarf Honeysuckle, Fly Woodbine Lonicera yunnanensis

[edit] Honeysuckle in popular culture

Lists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles. (January 2009)

• The hazel and the honeysuckle signify the two fated lovers Tristan and Isolde in Marie de France's "Chevrefoil."
• In the book The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner, the smell of honeysuckle is mentioned often to imply sexual activity on the part of the character Caddy.
• The British actress Honeysuckle Weeks was named after the honeysuckle flowers, which were in bloom at the time of her birth.
• Honeysuckle Rose is a 1935 solo piano jazz tune by Fats Waller and a 1980 Willie Nelson film.
• Honeysuckle is mentioned in Robert Frost's poem "To Earthward," as well as the O.A.R. song "Earthward" which quotes the poem.
• Honeysuckle, or honeysuckle vine, is featured and repeated in the chorus of "Tin Cup Chalice" by Jimmy Buffett.
• The sweet taste of honeysuckle is mentioned in Little Big Town's song Boondocks.
• The band Drivin' N' Cryin' is well known for their 1989 single "Honeysuckle Blue"

The sweet smell of Honeysuckle is used as a major theme in The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner, by influencing the behavior of the main character.

[edit] References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Caprifoliaceae

[edit] External links

• Flora Europaea: Lonicera
• Flora of China: Lonicera species list