Hoover Commission
The Hoover Commission, officially named the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government, was a body appointed by President Harry S. Truman in 1947 to recommend administrative changes in the Federal Government of the United States. It took its nickname from former President Herbert Hoover, who was appointed by Truman to chair it.
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[edit] History, membership and results
Authorized by Congress in the Lodge-Brown Act of 1947 (named for Representative Clarence J. Brown, Sr. of Ohio and Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. of Massachusetts), the commission first met September 29, 1947. Besides Hoover, its members were former Postmaster General and F.D.R.'s campaign manager James Farley, Secretary of State Dean Acheson, Senator George Aiken of Vermont, Representative Brown, Secretary of Defense James V. Forrestal, Civil Service Commissioner Arthur S. Flemming, former Ambassador Joseph P. Kennedy, political scientist James Kerr Pollock, attorney James H. Rowe, Representative Carter Manasco of Alabama, industrialist George Mead and Senator John L. McClellan of Arkansas. Aiken, Brown, Flemming, Hoover, Mead and Pollock were Republicans. Acheson, Forrestal, Kennedy, Manasco, McClellan and Rowe were Democrats. The commission was supported by a large staff and numerous expert task forces.
In early 1949, the Commission forwarded its findings and a total of 273 recommendations to Congress in a series of nineteen separate reports. The commission was officially terminated on June 12, 1949. With the impetus of the Hoover Commission, the Reorganization Act of 1949, (Public Law 109, 81st Cong., 1st sess.) was approved by Congress on June 20, 1949.[1] President Truman made a special message to Congress upon signing the act,[2] with eight reorganization plans submitted in 1949, 27 in 1950, and one each in 1951 and 1952.[3] Much implementation continued into the Eisenhower Administration, with ten reorganization plans in 1953, two in 1954, and one each in 1957 and 1958, although not all were related to the 1949 Act.[3]
A later study in 1955 concluded that 116 of the recommendations were fully implemented and that another 80 were mostly or partly implemented.
[edit] Second Hoover Commission
Also, a Second Hoover Commission was created by Congress in 1953 during the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Also headed by Hoover (who was then almost 80 years old), the second commission sent its final report to Congress in June 1955.
[edit] See also
- Public administration
- 22nd Amendment
- James Farley
- Brownlow Committee 1937
- The Grace Commission 1982-1984
- National Partnership for Reinventing Government 1993-1998
- Project on National Security Reform 2006–present
[edit] References
- ^ Ferrel Heady, The Reorganization Act of 1949, Public Administration Review, Vol. 9, No. 3, Summer, 1949
- ^ Special Message to the Congress Upon Signing the Reorganization Act
- ^ a b US Reorganization Plans
[edit] Further reading
- Arnold, Peri E. (Feb., 1976), "The First Hoover Commission and the Managerial Presidency", The Journal of Politics (Cambridge University Press) 38 (1): 46–70, doi:10.2307/2128961, JSTOR 2128961
[edit] External links
- National Archives: Records of the Commissions on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government (Hoover Commissions)
- Pemberton, William E., "Truman and the Hoover Commission," Whistle Stop, the Newsletter of the Harry S. Truman Library Institute, v. 19, no. 3, 1991.
- Truman Presidential Library and Museum: Hoover Commission Special Subject Guide
- Hoover Presidential Library and Museum: Commissions on the Organization of the Executive Branch (Herbert Hoover Papers)
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