Hordeum

Hordeum
Hordeum vulgare f. distichon
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
(unranked):	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Genus:	Hordeum L.

Hordeum is a genus of about 30 species of annual and perennial grasses, native throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere, temperate South America, and also South Africa.

One species, H. vulgare (barley), is of major commercial importance as a cereal grain, used as fodder crop and for malting in beer and whiskey production. Some species are nuisance weeds introduced worldwide by human activities others endangered due to habitat loss.

Hordeum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including The Flame, Rustic Shoulder-knot and Setaceous Hebrew Character.

The name comes from the Latin for bristle, and is akin to horror.

Species

The genus Hordeum comprises many species (see much longer list at WikiSpecies entry):

• Hordeum arizonicum
• Hordeum bogdanii
• Hordeum brachyantherum
  • H. brachyantherum subsp. brachyantherum
  • H. brachyantherum subsp. californicum
• Hordeum brevisubulatum
  • H. brevisubulatum subsp. brevisubulatum
  • H. brevisubulatum subsp. iranicum
  • H. brevisubulatum subsp. nevskianum
  • H. brevisubulatum subsp. turkestanicum
  • H. brevisubulatum subsp. violaceum
• Hordeum bulbosum
• Hordeum capense
• Hordeum chilense
• Hordeum comosum
• Hordeum cordobense
• Hordeum depressum
• Hordeum erectifolium
• Hordeum euclaston
• Hordeum flexuosum
• Hordeum fuegianum
• Hordeum guatemalense
• Hordeum gussoneanum (sea barley)
• Hordeum intercedens
• Hordeum jubatum (foxtail barley)
• Hordeum lechleri
• Hordeum marinum (sea barley)
• Hordeum murinum (wall barley)
  • H. murinum subsp. murinum
  • H. murinum subsp. glaucum
  • H. murinum subsp. leporinum (hare barley)
• Hordeum muticum
• Hordeum patagonicum
  • H. patagonicum subsp. patagonicum
  • H. patagonicum subsp. magellanicum
  • H. patagonicum subsp. mustersi
  • H. patagonicum subsp. santacrucense
  • H. patagonicum subsp. setifolium
• Hordeum parodii
• Hordeum procerum
• Hordeum pubiflorum
  • H. pubiflorum subsp. pubiflorum
  • H. pubiflorum subsp. halophilum
• Hordeum pusillum (little barley)
• Hordeum roshevitzii
• Hordeum secalinum
• Hordeum stenostachys
• Hordeum tetraploidum
• Hordeum vulgare (barley)
  • H. vulgare subsp. vulgare (barley)
  • H. vulgare f. distichon (two-rowed barley)
  • H. vulgare f. hexastichon (six-rowed barley)
  • H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum (wild barley)

References

• R. von Bothmer, N. Jacobsen, C. Baden, R. B. Jørgensen & I. Linde-Laursen (1995). An ecogeographical study of the genus Hordeum, 2nd ed.. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome. ISBN 92-9043-229-2. http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/Publications/HTMLPublications/271/index.htm. 
• F. R. Blattner (2004). "Phylogenetic analysis of Hordeum (Poaceae) as inferred by nuclear rDNA ITS sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33 (2): 289–299. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.05.012. PMID 15336664. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790304001745. 
• F. R. Blattner (2006). "Multiple intercontinental dispersals shaped the distribution area of Hordeum (Poaceae)". New Phytologist 169 (3): 603–614. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01610.x. PMID 16411962. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01610.x. 
• F. R. Blattner (2009). "Progress in phylogenetic analysis and a new infrageneric classification of the barley genus Hordeum (Poaceae: Triticeae)". Breeding Science 69 (5): 471–480. doi:10.1270/jsbbs.59.471. http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsbbs/59/5/59_471/_article. 
• S. S. Jakob, A. Ihlow & F. R. Blattner (2007). "Combined ecological niche modelling and molecular phylogeography revealed the evolutionary history of Hordeum marinum (Poaceae) — niche differentiation, loss of genetic diversity, and speciation in Mediterranean Quaternary refugia". Molecular Ecology 16 (8): 1713–1727. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03228.x. PMID 17402985. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03228.x. 
• S. S. Jakob, E. Martinez-Meyer & F. R. Blattner (2009). "Phylogeographic analyses and paleodistribution modeling indicates Pleistocene in situ survival of Hordeum species (Poaceae) in southern Patagonia without genetic or spatial restriction". Molecular Biology and Evolution 26 (4): 907–923. doi:10.1093/molbev/msp012. PMID 19168565. http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/26/4/907. 
• T. Pleines & F. R. Blattner (2008). "Phylogeographic implications of an AFLP phylogeny of the American diploid Hordeum species (Poaceae: Triticeae)". Taxon 57 (3): 875–881. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2008/00000057/00000003/art00016. 

External links

• species of Hordeum in "Wildflowers of Israel": Spntaneous Barley, Bulbous Barley, Wall Barley, Hordeum marinum,
• Hordeum hystrix, Hordeum vulgare
• Crop Wild Relatives Gap Analysis Portal reliable information source on where and what to conserve ex-situ, regarding Hordeum genepool