Hotels in Istanbul

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This article describes and gives brief information on hotels in Istanbul, Turkey.

Contents

[edit] History

Historical Tokatlıyan Hotel in Beyoğlu.

Contemporary hotel management in Istanbul started in the second half of the 19th century. A group of minorities and levantines of Istanbul in partnership with Wagons-Lits company, opened the Hotel Pera Palace in 1892. Shortly after, a series of hotels, including Tokatlıyan's hotel and the Bristol hotel, were opened in Beyoğlu district.

While the new hotels were being opened in the Beyoğlu district, Sirkeci quarter within the old city quickly adapted to the new tendency and the old inns in the neighbourhood were gradually transformed into hotels in the beginning of the 20th century. The other districts of the city followed the trend and the number of hotels in Istanbul was more than 50 in the year 1910.

Similar progress applied for the cities İzmir and Ankara in the following years, while the development of hotel management was relatively slow in the rest of Anatolian cities.

In the Republican era, in the 1950s, openings of hotels of various types gained speed. The most important event of this period was the opening of Istanbul Hilton in 1954. As a result of the development of transportation and domestic/outbound tourism, numerous new hotels were opened in the 1960s. The same applied for the 1970s and 1980s as well, along with the openings of 5 star hotels such as the Sheraton and the Etap Marmara (later Ceylan Intercontinental and The Marmara Hotels, respectively).

In the 1990s and 2000s, along with the rapid progress of different types of tourism, such as conferences and health and religious tourism, a new wave of hotel openings took place in the city. Hotels opened at this time include, the Conrad Hilton, Maslak Sheraton, Four Seasons Hotel and Ritz-Carlton. There are several ongoing and planned hotel projects for the years to come.

[edit] Brief information

Every possible accommodation style is available in Istanbul, from hostel dorms and midrange hotels to world-class luxury hotels. Although reasonable compared to European standards, the rates are more expensive than the rest of the country.

While the majority of the 5 star hotels concentrate within the modern districts like Beyoğlu, Şişli and Beşiktaş, 4 star hotels are generally located within the historical peninsula. The majority of hotels generally congregate in the vicinity of Sultanahmet and Hagia Sophia. Numerous hotels occupying historical buildings are situated in this district. Budget hotels are generally found both in modern and historical districts.

As of 2006, the total number of tourism operation licenced hotels in Istanbul were 283. Of the 283 hotels, 28 were 5 star, 63 were 4 star, 81 were 3 star, 91 were 2 star hotels, and only 20 were 1 star hotels. Additionally, there were 55 other accommodation establishments in the city, mainly consisting of special licenced hotels, motels, camping grounds, boarding houses, aparts, and boutique hotels.

According to the data of the Association of the Touristic Hotels and Investors (TUROB) of the Republic of Turkey, at the end of 2010, 766 accommodation establishments of different categories in Istanbul (licenced by the Ministry of Tourism and Culture of Turkey and/or the municipality of Istanbul) had the total of 46,652 rooms and 93,299 beds.[1] That capacity alone was sufficient to accommodate the annual volume of 10 million tourists.

At the same time, another 51 new hotels (of which 25 were 5-star hotels) were at various stages of development at the end of 2010, soon to add another 9,512 rooms and 19,800 beds to the already existing capacity. With the completion of these new hotels, Istanbul's accommodation capacity will have reached, within a few years, the total of 817 hotels, 56,164 rooms and 113,99 beds.[2]

[edit] Notable hotels

Hotel Pera Palace, where Agatha Christie wrote Murder on the Orient Express.

The following list gives brief information about other notable hotels in Istanbul.

[edit] International chain hotels

The international chain hotels market in Istanbul dates back to 1955 when Hilton chain opened its first international hotel outside the US, in Istanbul, on June 10, 1955. The opening was hosted by the founder of Hilton Hotels chain, Conrad Hilton, and saw the attendance of the retinue of international celebrities specially invited to Istanbul for the opening, including Olivia de Havilland, Irene Dunne, Sonja Henie, Ann Miller, Terry Moore, and many others.[3] To this day, Istanbul Hilton hotel holds the distinct eminence of being the longest operating Hilton hotel outside the US.[4]

57 years later, Istanbul retains its strong attraction for the international hotel chains as the 10th most visited city in the world by the number of international tourist arrivals,[5] hosting, as of February 2012, 49 operating internatilonal chain hotels, with further 21 such hotels scheduled to open before early 2014 (detailed data for these hotels is listed in the table which follows below).

The international chain hotels market in Istanbul is well structured, encompassing the entire range of accommodation offerings, from the quality budget hotels (Hampton by Hilton, Best Western, Ibis, etc.) to the luxury Far East hotel chains (Shangri-La, Raffles, etc.). Contemporary hotel chains/brands W (of Starwood parent company) and Edition (of Marriott parent company) opened their first hotels in Europe in Istanbul (W in April 2008 [6] and Edition in February 2011 [7]).

As of February 2012, the following international hotel chains/brands have established hotels in Istanbul: Best Western - 7 hotels (all 7 opened), Crowne Plaza - 6 hotels (3 opened and 3 under construction), Ramada Plaza and Ramada - 5 hotels (4 opened and 1 under construction), Radisson Blu - 5 hotels (2 opened and 3 under construction), Holiday Inn - 3 hotels (all 3 opened), Holiday Inn Express - 3 hotels (2 opened and 1 under construction), Doubletree by Hilton - 3 hotels (2 opened and 1 under construction), Hilton Garden Inn - 3 hotels (1 opened and 2 under construction), Hilton - 2 hotels (both opened), Four Seasons - 2 hotels (both opened), Kempinski - 2 properties (1 hotel and 1 residence; both opened), Grand Hyatt and Park Hyatt - 2 hotels (both opened), Sheraton - 2 hotels (both opened), Barceló - 2 hotels (both opened), Renaissance - 2 hotels (1 opened and 1 under construction), Novotel - 2 hotels (1 opened and 1 under construction), Ibis - 2 hotels (1 opened and 1 under construction), Wyndham - 2 hotels (both under construction), Hampton by Hilton - 2 hotels (both under construction), Ritz-Carlton - 1 hotel (opened), Marriott - 1 hotel (opened), Le Méridien - 1 hotel (opened), Swissôtel - 1 hotel (opened), Conrad - 1 hotel (opened), Edition - 1 hotel (opened), W - 1 hotel (opened), Intercontinental - 1 hotel (opened), Mövenpick - 1 hotel (opened), Courtyard by Marriott - 1 hotel (opened), Shangri-La - 1 hotel (under construction), Raffles - 1 hotel (under construction), Mondrian - 1 hotel (under construction).

Rank Name Opened Number of Rooms (Including Suites) Notes
1 Hilton Istanbul Hotel 00 Jan 1955 499 Rooms, including 13 Suites The longest operating international Hilton hotel outside the US;[8][9][10]
2 Best Western Plus The President Hotel Istanbul 00 Jan 1989 201 Rooms and 8 Suites [11]
3 ParkSA Hilton Hotel 00 Jan 1990 117 Rooms, including 2 Suites 2nd Hilton hotel in Istanbul;[12][13]
4 ROSE GARDEN SUITES ISTANBUL 00 Jan 1991 7 Rooms and 6 Suites [14]
5 Çırağan Palace Kempinski Istanbul Hotel 00 Jan 1991 282 Rooms, 20 Hotel Suites and 11 Palace Suites [15]
6 Grand Hyatt Istanbul Hotel 00 Jan 1991 360 Rooms and Suites [16]
7 Conrad Istanbul Hotel 00 Jan 1992 590 Rooms, including 35 Suites [17]
8 Renaissance Polat Istanbul Hotel 00 Jan 1993 414 Rooms [18]
9 Four Seasons Istanbul Hotel in Sultanahmet 00 Jan 1996 65 Rooms and Suites [19]
10 Ceylan Intercontinental Istanbul Hotel 00 Jan 1996 388 Rooms, including 54 Suites [20] Originally built in 1975, the building previously served as Sheraton hotel between 1975 and 1995.
11 Best Western Premier Acropol Suites & Spa Istanbul Hotel 00 1997 22 Rooms 2nd Best Western hotel in Istanbul;[21]
12 Radisson Blu Airport & Conference Hotel, Istanbul 00 Jan 1999 325 Rooms, including 7 Executive Suites [22]
13 Ritz-Carlton Istanbul Hotel 00 Oct 2001 244 Rooms, including 23 Suites [23]
14 Ramada Kaya Plaza Hotel 00 Sep 2002 317 Rooms, including 12 Suites and 1 Presidential Suite [24][25]
15 Best Western Istanbul Taşhan Airport Hotel 00 2002 40 Rooms 3rd Best Western hotel in Istanbul;[26]
16 Mövenpick Istanbul Hotel 00 Jan 2003 249 Rooms, including 21 Suites and 1 Skyline Deluxe Suite [27]
17 Holiday Inn Istanbul City Hotel 00 Jul 2003 203 Rooms and 7 Suites [28]
18 Best Western Istanbul Empire Palace Hotel 00 Apr 2004 35 Rooms, including 2 connected Suites 4th Best Western hotel in Istanbul;[29]
19 Barceló Eresin Hotel 00 Dec 2004 250 Rooms [30][31]
20 Radisson Blu Bosphorus Hotel 00 Dec 2005 120 Rooms, including 9 Junior Suites, 2 Suites and 2 Bosphorus Terrace Suites 2nd Radisson Blu hotel in Istanbul;[32]
21 Ramada Plaza Istanbul City Center Hotel 00 Dec 2005 162 Rooms, 12 Suites and 2 Penthouse Suites 2nd Ramada Plaza hotel in Istanbul;[33][34]
22 Barceló Saray Hotel 00 Jun 2006 96 Rooms 2nd Barceló hotel in Istanbul;[35][36]
23 Best Western Istanbul Citadel Hotel 00 Jul 2006 31 Rooms 5th Best Western hotel in Istanbul;[37]
24 Novotel Istanbul Hotel 00 Mar 2007 208 Rooms, including 6 Suites [38]
25 Hotel Ibis Istanbul 00 Mar 2007 228 Rooms [39]
26 Sheraton Istanbul Maslak Hotel 00 May 2007 305 Rooms [40][41] Originally built in 1990, the building previously served as Mövenpick hotel.
27 Ramada Istanbul Old City Hotel 00 Jul 2007 98 Rooms and 2 Suites 3rd Ramada hotel in Istanbul;[42][43]
28 Istanbul Marriott Hotel Asia 00 Aug 2007 219 Rooms and 19 Suites First international chain hotel opened on the Asian side of Istanbul;[44]
29 Kempinski Residences Astoria Istanbul 00 Aug 2007 30 Serviced Residences 2nd Kempinski property in Istanbul;[45]
30 Holiday Inn Istanbul Airport North Hotel 00 Nov 2007 330 Rooms 2nd Holiday Inn hotel in Istanbul;[46]
31 W Hotel Istanbul 00 Apr 2008 106 Rooms and 28 Suites First W hotel opened in Europe;[47][48]
32 Crowne Plaza Istanbul Old City Hotel 00 May 2008 265 Rooms, 16 Suites and 1 Presidential Suite [49][50]
33 Four Seasons on the Bosphorus Hotel 00 Jun 2008 170 Rooms, including 25 Suites 2nd Four Seasons hotel in Istanbul;[51]
34 Best Western Premier Regency Suites & Spa Istanbul Hotel 00 Sep 2008 16 Rooms 6th Best Western hotel in Istanbul;[52]
35 Park Hyatt Istanbul Maçka Palas Hotel 00 Nov 2008 90 Rooms and Suites 2nd Hyatt hotel in Istanbul;[53]
36 Sheraton Istanbul Ataköy Hotel 00 Feb 2009 285 Rooms, including 24 Suites 2nd Sheraton hotel in Istanbul;[54][55]
37 Courtyard by Marriott Hotel - Istanbul International Airport 00 May 2009 262 Rooms [56]
38 Holiday Inn Istanbul - Şişli Hotel 00 Jun 2009 168 Rooms and Suites 3rd Holiday Inn hotel in Istanbul;[57]
39 Doubletree by Hilton Istanbul - Old City Hotel 00 Feb 2011 171 Rooms, including 7 Suites [58][59]
40 The Istanbul Edition Hotel 00 Feb 2011 78 Rooms and 1 Full-Floor Penthouse First Edition hotel opened in Europe;[60][61]
41 Crowne Plaza Istanbul Harbiye Hotel 00 Mar 2011 285 Rooms, including 12 Suites and 1 Presidential Suite 2nd Crowne Plaza hotel in Istanbul;[62][63]
42 Doubletree by Hilton Istanbul - Moda Hotel 00 Mar 2011 247 Rooms, including 28 Suites 2nd Doubletree by Hilton hotel in Istanbul; 2nd international chain hotel opened on the Asian side of Istanbul;[64][65]
43 Best Western Istanbul Şile Gardens Hotel 00 Mar 2011 167 Rooms, including 6 Suites 7th Best Western hotel in Istanbul; 3rd international chain hotel opened on the Asian side of Istanbul;[66]
44 Crowne Plaza Istanbul Asia Hotel 00 Apr 2011 336 Rooms and 18 Suites 3rd Crowne Plaza hotel in Istanbul; 4th international chain hotel opened on the Asian side of Istanbul;[67][68]
45 Holiday Inn Express Istanbul Altunizade Hotel 00 Sep 2011 76 Rooms 5th international chain hotel opened on the Asian side of Istanbul;[69][70]
46 Hilton Garden Inn Istanbul Golden Horn Hotel 00 Sep 2011 210 Rooms, including 4 Suites [71]
47 Holiday Inn Express Istanbul - Bayrampaşa Hotel 00 Jan 2012 128 Rooms 2nd Holiday Inn Express hotel in Istanbul;[72]
48 Ramada Istanbul Asia Hotel 00 Jan 2012 92 Rooms 4th Ramada hotel in Istanbul; 6th international chain hotel opened on the Asian side of Istanbul;[73][74]
49 Le Méridien Istanbul Etiler Hotel 00 Jan 2012 259 Rooms, including 34 Suites and 21 Serviced Apartments [75][76]
9e99 ~z 00 Jan 3900 9e99

Future openings:

Name Projected Date of Opening Number of Rooms (Including Suites) Notes
Radisson Blu Hotel, Istanbul Asia March 2012 195 Rooms, including 8 Suites To be the 3rd Radisson Blu hotel in Istanbul; to be the 7th international chain hotel to open on the Asian side of Istanbul;[77]
Crowne Plaza Istanbul Hagia Sophia Hotel April 2012 63 Rooms To be the 4th Crowne Plaza hotel in Istanbul;[78]
Crowne Plaza Istanbul - Bayrampaşa Hotel June 2012 273 Rooms and 10 Suites To be the 5th Crowne Plaza hotel in Istanbul;[79]
Hampton by Hilton Istanbul Kayaşehir Hotel June 2012 144 Rooms [80]
Doubletree by Hilton Istanbul Avcılar Hotel Second quarter of 2012 227 Rooms To be the 3rd Doubletree by Hilton hotel in Istanbul;[81][82]
Holiday Inn Express Istanbul Ümraniye Hotel Summer of 2012 110 Rooms To be the 3rd Holiday Inn Express hotel in Istanbul; to be the 8th international chain hotel to open on the Asian side of Istanbul;[83]
Wyndham Istanbul Kalamış Marina Hotel August 2012 211 Rooms, inclduing 1 Presidential Suite To be the 9th international chain hotel to open on the Asian side of Istanbul;[84]
Radisson Blu Hotel, Istanbul Şişli Third quarter of 2012 305 Rooms To be the 4th Radisson Blu hotel in Istanbul;[85][86]
Hilton Garden Inn Istanbul Bostancı Hotel Third quarter of 2012 147 Rooms, including 4 Suites To be the 2nd Hilton Garden Inn hotel in Istanbul; to be the 10th international chain hotel to open on the Asian side of Istanbul;[87]
Renaissance Istanbul Bosphorus Hotel September 2012 187 Rooms and 25 Suites To be the 2nd Renaissance hotel in Istanbul;[88]
Hotel Ibis Esenyurt Istanbul October 2012 150 Rooms To be the 2nd Ibis hotel in Istanbul;[89]
Ramada Plaza Tekstilkent Istanbul Hotel November 2012 322 Rooms To be the 5th Ramada hotel in Istanbul;[90][91]
Wyndham Petek Istanbul Hotel Autumn of 2012 306 Rooms, including 24 Suites and 40 Extended-Stay Apartments To be the 2nd Wyndham hotel in Istanbul;[92]
Shangri-La Hotel, Istanbul Fourth quarter of 2012 186 Rooms [93]
Raffles Istanbul Zorlu Center Hotel Fourth quarter of 2012 130 Rooms and 50 Suites [94]
Radisson Blu Golden Horn Hotel, Istanbul First quarter of 2013 133 Rooms To be the 5th Radisson Blu hotel in Istanbul;[95]
Crowne Plaza Istanbul - Ümraniye Hotel March 2013 156 Rooms, 30 Junior Suites and 10 Suites To be the 6th Crowne Plaza hotel in Istanbul; to be the 11h international chain hotel to open on the Asian side of Istanbul;[96][97]
Hilton Garden Inn Istanbul Airport Hotel End of 2013 227 Rooms To be the 3rd Hilton Garden Inn hotel in Istanbul;[98]
Novotel Istanbul Karaköy Hotel January 2014 200 Rooms, including 21 Suites To be the 2nd Novotel hotel in Istanbul;[99]
Hampton by Hilton Istanbul Ataköy Hotel Early 2014 89 Rooms To be the 2nd Hampton by Hilton hotel in Istanbul;[100]
Mondrian Istanbul Hotel 2014 128 Rooms [101]

[edit] Gallery

  • Hilton Hotel in Şişli.

  • Grand Hyatt Istanbul Hotel in Taksim.

  • Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Dolmabahçe.

  • The Marmara Hotel in Taksim.

[edit] References and links

  1. ^ http://www.turizmdebusabah.com/haber_detay.aspx?haberNo=53925
  2. ^ http://www.turizmdebusabah.com/haber_detay.aspx?haberNo=53925
  3. ^ http://www.hilton.com.tr/55yil/pdf/Hilton_Kitap.pdf
  4. ^ http://hilton.com.tr/en/Hilton-Istanbul/default.aspx
  5. ^ http://travel.usnews.com/features/Worlds_Most_Visited_Cities/
  6. ^ http://travel.nytimes.com/2008/05/18/travel/18COMistanbul.html
  7. ^ http://www.luxurytravelmagazine.com/news-articles/the-istanbul-edition-premiering-april-2011-15545.php
  8. ^ Hilton Istanbul
  9. ^ http://hilton.com.tr/en/Hilton-Istanbul/default.aspx
  10. ^ http://hiltonglobalmediacenter.com/index.cfm?md=newsroom&tmp=detail&articleID=744&tl=en
  11. ^ Best Western Plus The President Hotel
  12. ^ ParkSA Hilton
  13. ^ http://hilton.com.tr/en/Hilton-ParkSa-Istanbul/default.aspx
  14. ^ Rose Garden Istanbul The Bosphorus
  15. ^ Çırağan Palace Kempinski Istanbul
  16. ^ Grand Hyatt Istanbul
  17. ^ Conrad Istanbul
  18. ^ Renaissance Polat Istanbul
  19. ^ Four Seasons Istanbul Hotel in Sultanahmet
  20. ^ Ceylan Intercontinental Istanbul
  21. ^ http://www.bestwestern.com.tr/en/hotels/best-western-premier-acropol-suites-a-spa-istanbul-description
  22. ^ Radisson Blu Airport & Conference Hotel, Istanbul
  23. ^ Ritz-Carlton Istanbul
  24. ^ Ramada Kaya Plaza
  25. ^ http://www.kayaramada.com
  26. ^ http://www.bestwestern.com.tr/tr/hotels/best-western-tashan-business-a-airport-hotel-istanbul-description
  27. ^ Mövenpick Istanbul
  28. ^ Holiday Inn Istanbul City Hotel
  29. ^ http://www.bestwestern.com.tr/tr/hotels/best-western-empire-palace-istanbul-description
  30. ^ Barceló Eresin Hotel
  31. ^ http://www.barceloeresintopkapi.com
  32. ^ Radisson Blu Bosphorus Hotel
  33. ^ Ramada Plaza Istanbul City Center
  34. ^ http://www.ramadaplazaistanbul.com
  35. ^ Barceló Saray Hotel
  36. ^ http://www.barcelosaray.com
  37. ^ http://www.bestwestern.com.tr/tr/hotels/best-western-citadel-hotel-istanbul-description
  38. ^ Novotel Istanbul
  39. ^ Ibis Istanbul
  40. ^ Sheraton Istanbul Maslak
  41. ^ http://www.sheratonistanbulmaslak.com
  42. ^ Ramada Istanbul Old City
  43. ^ http://www.ramadaistanbul.com
  44. ^ Marriott Istanbul Asia
  45. ^ Kempinski Residences Astoria Istanbul
  46. ^ Holiday Inn Istanbul Airport North
  47. ^ W Hotel Istanbul
  48. ^ http://www.fodors.com/world/europe/turkey/istanbul/review-441132.html
  49. ^ Crowne Plaza Istanbul Old City
  50. ^ http://www.crowneplazaistanbul.com
  51. ^ Four Seasons on the Bosphorus
  52. ^ http://www.bestwestern.com.tr/en/hotels/best-western-premier-regency-suites-hotel-spa-istanbul-description
  53. ^ Park Hyatt Istanbul Maçka Palas
  54. ^ Sheraton Istanbul Ataköy
  55. ^ http://www.sheratonistanbulatakoy.com.tr
  56. ^ Courtyard by Marriott Hotel - Istanbul International Airport
  57. ^ Holiday Inn Istanbul - Şişli
  58. ^ Doubletree by Hilton Istanbul - Old City
  59. ^ http://hilton.com.tr/tr/Doubletree-Istanbul-Old-Town/default.aspx
  60. ^ The Istanbul Edition Hotel
  61. ^ http://www.luxurytravelmagazine.com/news-articles/the-istanbul-edition-premiering-april-2011-15545.php
  62. ^ Crowne Plaza Istanbul Harbiye
  63. ^ http://www.crowneplazaistanbulharbiye.com
  64. ^ Doubletree by Hilton Istanbul - Moda
  65. ^ http://hilton.com.tr/tr/Doubletree-Istanbul-Moda/default.aspx
  66. ^ http://www.bestwestern.com.tr/en/hotels/best-western-sile-gardens-hotel-sile-description
  67. ^ Crowne Plaza Istanbul Asia
  68. ^ http://www.viahotel.com.tr
  69. ^ Holiday Inn Express Istanbul Altunizade
  70. ^ http://www.hiexaltunizade.com/#
  71. ^ http://hiltongardeninn.hilton.com/en/gi/hotels/index.jhtml;jsessionid=TZIZKRGOSK5NYCSGBJT3EWQ?ctyhocn=ISTGHGI
  72. ^ Holiday Inn Express - ORA
  73. ^ Ramada Istanbul Asia
  74. ^ http://www.ramadaistanbulasia.com
  75. ^ Le Méridien Istanbul Etiler
  76. ^ http://www.lemeridienistanbuletiler.com
  77. ^ Radisson Blu Hotel, Istanbul Asia
  78. ^ Crowne Plaza Istanbul Hagia Sophia
  79. ^ Crowne Plaza Istanbul - ORA
  80. ^ http://www.incentivetravel.co.uk/extensions/2113-hilton-worldwide-set-to-transform-economy-hotel-sector-in-turkey
  81. ^ http://hilton.com.tr/en/Openings/default.aspx
  82. ^ http://doubletree.hilton.com/en/dt/promotions/dt_new_hotels/index.jhtml
  83. ^ http://www.4hoteliers.com/4hots_nshw.php?mwi=8705
  84. ^ http://www.wyndhamworldwide.com/media/press-releases/press-release?wwprdid=1106
  85. ^ http://www.carlson.com/news-and-media/news-releases.php?article=2042
  86. ^ http://www.radissonblu.com/hotel-istanbulsisli
  87. ^ http://www.kosifler.com/EN/kosifler_yatirim_istanbul.asp
  88. ^ http://www.marriott.com/hotels/travel/istbo-renaissance-istanbul-bosphorus-hotel/
  89. ^ http://www.akfengyo.com.tr/690.aspx
  90. ^ http://www.turizmgazetesi.com/news.aspx?id=65011
  91. ^ http://www.turizmdebusabah.com/haber_detay~haberNo~60075~f~%C4%B0lbak%20Holding%2045%20milyon%20dolarl%C4%B1k%20yat%C4%B1r%C4%B1mla%20turizm%20sekt%C3%B6r%C3%BCne%20giriyor.aspx
  92. ^ http://www.wyndhamworldwide.com/media/press-releases/press-release?wwprdid=1085
  93. ^ http://www.shangri-la.com/en/corporate/press/pressrelease/40964
  94. ^ http://www.raffles.com/EN_RA/LeftFooterNavigation/Media_Room/Press_Release/16052011.htm
  95. ^ http://www.carlson.com/downloads/pdf/news/May-2011/Rezidor-announces-the-Radisson-Blu-Golden-Horn-Hotel-Istanbul.pdf
  96. ^ http://ihg.grayling.nl/30764-ihg-toename-in-franchiseovereenkomsten-in-europa
  97. ^ http://www.azhaberler.com/haber/crowne-plaza-umraniye-de_32564795
  98. ^ http://www.hgimediacenter.com/index.cfm/newsroom/detail/4030
  99. ^ http://www.akfengyo.com.tr/735.aspx
  100. ^ http://www.incentivetravel.co.uk/extensions/5525-hilton-worldwide-announces-four-new-hotel-signings-in-turkey
  101. ^ http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=194863&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1641573&highlight=
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