Hoti (Albanians)

For other uses, see Hoti (disambiguation).

Hoti is an Albanian clan of the region of Malësia in northern Albania and southern Montenegro.

History

The clan of Hoti was first recorded in 1330, while in 1474 their region was mentioned in Latin sources as montanea ottanorum (English: Mountain of the Hotis). In 1412-3 during a dispute over pasture lands with the neighboring Mataguzi clan Balša III, one of the local leaders was called to settle the dispute. When he decided in favour of the Mataguzi, the Hoti attacked them and took over the dipsuted areas, while during the counter-attack of the Mataguzi four Hoti clansmen were killed.

Before 1421, much of the Malësia area was incorporated into the kingdom of Zeta which was ruled by the powerful Balša family (House of Balšić). The Balšići used the highlands of Montenegro as a sanctum for Serbian nobles seeking political asylum (as well as other Balkans who were outlawed or persecuted by the Ottoman conquerors). Sometime between 1356 and 1362 (during the reign of Balša I) and after the Balšić invasion of Shkodra) most of the indigenous people of Hoti abandoned the Malësia area and settled in the areas of Plav and Limaj (near Peć, in Kosovo). After this migration, the residual Hoti population only amounted to about seven houses.^{[citation needed]}

After a long history of conflict with both the Ottomans and their (sometime) Venetian allies, the Balšić dynasty went extinct in 1421, after which time a new dynasty was founded in the area by Stefan Crnojević who fixed his capital at Žabljak on the north-eastern side of Lake Scutari and joined with his relative, the famous Scanderbeg, in many campaigns against the Turks.

In the latter half of the fifteenth century (during the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans), Serbs of Bosnia were pushed ever southward by the Turkish armies, eventually being pushed to Herzegovina by 1463. After the Turkish conquest of Herzegovina in 1476, of Albania in 1478, and the surrender of Shkodër by the Venetians in 1479, according to legend, a man named Keq Preka and his five sons moved southward from the Herzegovinan highlands to escape the mass migration of Slavs. They and many of the other Albanian-speaking peoples in the Herzegovina area kept moving until they found an area where they found a population that spoke the same language as theirs (most likely a form of gheg Albanian).

At the outset of the northern Albanian resistance against Ottoman rule, it is the clan of Hoti that sparked the war for Albanian Independence. The commander of the Albanian guerilla campaign against Turkish occupying forces was a man named Ded Gjo Luli, perhaps Hoti's most distinguished hero. At the victorious Battle of Deçiq, Ded Gjo Luli was able to raise the Albanian standard in symbolic defiance of Ottoman rule (the Albanian standard had not been raised since the late fifteenth century, during the military campaigns of Scanderbeg). Because of its instrumental role in the resistance, Hoti is commonly held as the head the Albanian tribes of Malësia.

Albanian Legend

Albanian Legend maintains that each of Keq Preka's sons is the father and namesake of his own tribe:^{[citation needed]} Lazar Keqi (Hoti), Ban Keqi (Triesh), Kras Keqi (Krasniqi), Piper Keqi (the Piperi^{[citation needed]} clan), and Vaso Keqi (the Vasojevići clan^{[citation needed]}). Sometime after the construction of the church at Gruda (1528), Lazar Keqi and his son, Gheg Lazari, moved into the area known by the natives as Hoti (a name that has existed since at least the 1330s) and settled there permanently.

The nearby Triesh tribe is considered by locals as the "younger brother" of Hoti, as the tribes share Keq Preka as a common ancestor.^{[citation needed]}

Religion

The majority of the Hoti are followers of the Roman Catholic faith and celebrate St. John the Baptist (Albanian: Shën Gjoni or Shnjoni) as their "feast" day. The day (August 29) commemorates the martyrdom (beheading) of Saint John the Baptist.

There are also a minority that follow Islam.

Clans/Surnames of Hoti

After Gheg Lazari settled in the area, he had four sons, from whom all the clans of Hoti are said to have descended: Junç Ghega (forefather of the Junçaj clan), Gjon Ghega (forefather of the Gjonaj clan), Lajq Ghega (forefather of the Lajçaj clan), and their half-brother Pjetër Ghega (forefather of the Traboini clans (Dedvukaj).

• Junçaj (from the towns of Drume: Prëkaj, Gjonikshabaj, Luk Smalajt, Nikgjokajt, Bozhaj, Vitoja etc.)
  • Lucgjonaj and Çunmulaj (part of Junçaj clan)
• Gjonaj (Drume)
• Lajçaj (from the towns of Drume, Bozaj and Tuzi)

Pjetër Gega had three sons Gozden, Gojç and Dush. From Gozden, we have Dedvukaj, Gjelaj, Nicaj, Camaj.

Other clans from Pjeter Gega:

• Gojçaj (clan from Gojç Pjetër Gega)
• Dushaj (clan from Dush Pjetër Gega)
• Ded Gjo Luli (Dedvukaj), Commander of the Malsor army in the Battle of Deçiq
• Çun Mula (Lucgjonaj / Juncaj; Bajraktar)
• Baca Gjeka (Dedvukaj)
• Vuksan Leka (Camaj)
• Hasa Nika (Camaj)
• Dedë Gjon Ujka (Camaj)
• Nik Preloci (Camaj)
• Pjetër Uci (Camaj)
• Luc Nik Preloci (Camaj)
• Cuba Deli (Gojçaj; Bajraktar of Traboini)
• Gjon Ujk Miculi (Gojcaj,Vojvode)
• Luc Gjon Ujka (Gojçaj ,Vojvode)
• Zef Martin Zogu (Dedvukaj)
• Pjetër Zef Smajli (Gojçaj)
• Kolë Marash Vata (Gojçaj)
• Tom Nika i Hotit (Gojçaj)
• Mark Miri (Dedvukaj)
• Gjon Pepaj (Gjonaj)
• Kolë Miri (Dedvukaj)
• Zef Hoti (Gjonaj)
• Gjeto Mark Ujka (Junçaj)
• Marash Uci (Gjonaj)
• Kol Machi Hoti (Gjonaj)
• T'Bijte e Calit (Gjonaj)
• Lulash Zeka (Nicaj)
• Mul Delia (Çunmuluaj, Junçaj)
• Gjelosh Luli (Dedvukaj)
• Gjelosh Frangu (Gjelaj)
• Zef Gjoku (Gjelaj)
• Zef Koleci (Gjelaj)
• Nikoll Luca (Dreshaj, Gjonaj)
• Has Hoti (Gjelaj)
• Kolë Zef Peri (Dushaj)
• Pashko Deda (Dushaj)