Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester

The Earl of Winchester
The Coat of Arms of the Elder Despenser.
Born	1 March 1261
Died	27 October 1326
Title	Earl of Winchester
Other names	The Elder Despenser
Nationality	English
Wars and battles	Despenser wars War of Saint-Sardos Isabella's Campaign Siege of Bristol †
Offices	Advisor of Edward II of England
Predecessor	none
Successor	Lewis de Bruges
Spouse(s)	Isabella de Beauchamp

Hugh le Despenser (1 March 1261 – 27 October 1326), sometimes referred to as "the Elder Despenser", was for a time the chief adviser to King Edward II of England.

He was the son of Hugh le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer (or Despenser), and Aliva Basset, sole daughter and heiress of Philip Basset. His father was killed at the Battle of Evesham when Hugh was just a boy, but Hugh's patrimony was saved through the influence of his maternal grandfather (who had been loyal to the king).

He married Isabella de Beauchamp, daughter of William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick and Maud FitzJohn. He served Edward I on numerous occasions in battle and in diplomacy and was created a baron by writ of summons to Parliament in 1295. However, when he became close to Edward II, his place was always with the king, which worried the barons. To that time, his highest office was justice of the forests.

He was one of the few barons to remain loyal to Edward during the controversy regarding Piers Gaveston. Despenser became Edward's loyal servant and chief administrator after Gaveston was executed in 1312, but the jealousy of other barons - and, more importantly, his own corruption and unjust behaviour - led to his being exiled along with his son Hugh Despenser the younger in 1321, when Edmund of Woodstock, Earl of Kent replaced him as Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.

Edward found it difficult to manage without them, and recalled them to England a year later, an action which enraged the queen, Isabella, the more so when Despenser was created Earl of Winchester.

Death

When Isabella and her lover, Roger Mortimer, led a rebellion against her husband Edward, they captured both Despensers—first the elder, later the younger. Queen Isabella interceded for Hugh the elder, but his enemies, notably Roger Mortimer and Henry, Earl of Lancaster, insisted both father and son should face trial and execution.

The elder Despenser was hanged immediately in his armor at Bristol on 27 October 1326. He was then beheaded and his body cut into pieces for the dogs. His head was sent for display to Winchester, which had supported the king.

References

• Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis, Lines: 72-31, 74-31, 74A-31, 93A-29
• Fryde, Natalie (1979). The tyranny and fall of Edward II, 1321-1326. ISBN 0521548063. 
• Karau, Björn: Günstlinge am Hof Edwards II. von England - Aufstieg und Fall der Despensers, MA-Thesis, Kiel 1999. (Free Download: http://www.despensers.de/download.htm)
• Hunt, William (1888). "Hugh Despenser". Dictionary of National Biography. 14. 

Legal offices
Preceded by The Lord Strange	Justice in Eyre south of the Trent 1296–1307	Succeeded by Pain Tiptoft
Preceded by The Lord Tibetot	Justice in Eyre south of the Trent 1307–1311	Succeeded by Robert fitz Pain
Preceded by Robert fitz Pain	Justice in Eyre south of the Trent 1312–1314	Succeeded by The Lord Monthermer
Preceded by The Earl of Pembroke	Justice in Eyre south of the Trent 1324–1326	Succeeded by The Lord Wake of Liddell
Political offices
Preceded by The Lord Badlesmere	Lord Wardens of the Cinque Ports 1320	Succeeded by The Earl of Kent
Peerage of England
New creation	Earl of Winchester 1322–1326	Forfeit
Preceded by Hugh le Despencer	Baron le Despencer 1265–1326