Dz (digraph)
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Dz is a digraph of the Latin script, used in Polish, Kashubian, Macedonian, Slovak, and Hungarian to represent /d͡z/. In Dene Suline (Chipewyan) and Cantonese Pinyin it represents /t͡s/.
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In Polish [edit]
dz generally represents [d͡z]. However, when followed by i it is palatalized to [d͡ʑ].
Examples of dz [edit]
dzwon (help·info) (bell)
rodzaj (help·info) (kind, type)
Compare dz followed by i:
dziecko (help·info) (child)
dziewczyna (help·info) (girl, girlfriend)
In Lithuanian [edit]
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In Macedonian [edit]
The Macedonian digraph Dz, like in Polish and Hungarian represents a single phoneme. It is the Macedonian transliteration from the Cyrillic character "S" (not actually based on the Latin letter S). It is used as an extra grapheme: the only sound and letter in the Macedonian alphabet to not have an equivalent in the alphabets of Serbo-Croatian, which Macedonian adopted as part of its codification in the 1940s. The letter appears ninth in order between Đ and E in the Macedonian Latinic format.
In Slovak [edit]
In Slovak, the digraph dz is the ninth letter of the Slovak alphabet. Example words with this phoneme include:
- medzi = between, among
- hrádza = dam, dike
The digraph may never be divided by hyphenation:
- medzi → me-dzi
- hrádza → hrá-dza
However, when d and z come from different morphemes, they are treated as separate letters, and must be divided by hyphenation:
- odzemok = type of folk dance → od-ze-mok
- nadzvukový = supersonic → nad-zvu-ko-vý
In both cases od- (from) and nad- (above) are a prefix to the stems zem (earth) and zvuk (sound).
In Hungarian [edit]
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Dz is the seventh letter of the Hungarian alphabet. It is pronounced (using English pronunciation) "dzay" in the alphabet, but just "dz" when spoken in a word. In IPA, it is written as /dz/.
Length [edit]
In several words, it is pronounced long, e.g.
- bodza, madzag, edz, pedz
In some other ones, short, e.g.
- brindza, ódzkodik, dzadzíki, dzéta, Dzerzsinszkij
In several verbs ending in -dzik (approx. 50), it can be pronounced either short or long, e.g.
- csókolódzik, lopódzik, takaródzik
These are verbs where the dz can be replaced by z (and is replaced by some speakers): csókolózik, lopózik, takarózik.
In some of these verbs, there is no free variation: birkózik, mérkőzik (only with z) but leledzik, nyáladzik (only with dz, pronounced long). In some other verbs, there is a difference in meaning: levelez(ik) (correspond with sb.) but leveledzik (to leaf [like a tree]).
It is only doubled in writing when an assimilated suffix is added to the stem: eddze, lopóddzon.
Usage [edit]
Usage of this letter is similar to that of Polish and Slovak languages. In Hungarian, even if these two characters are put together to make a different sound, they are considered one letter, and even acronyms keep the letter intact.
Examples [edit]
- These examples are Hungarian words that contain the letter dz, with the English translation following.
- bodza = elderberry
- edzés = (physical) training
- edző = coach
- nyáladzik = salivate
