Hungarian minor scale
The Hungarian minor scale,[2][3][4][5][6] Double Harmonic minor scale,[7] or Gypsy minor scale,[8][4] is a type of combined musical scale. It is the same as the harmonic minor scale, except that it has a raised fourth scale degree.[2][3][4][7][8][6] Its tonal center is slightly ambiguous, due to the large number of half steps. Also known as Double Harmonic Minor, or Harmonic Minor ♯4, it figures prominently in Eastern European music, particularly in gypsy music. Melodies based on this scale have an exotic, romantic flavor for listeners accustomed to more typical Western scales.
A very clear way to see this is with the Hungarian Minor scale in the key of A. The notes in this scale would be A B C D♯ E F G♯. In this example the D♯ is the raised 4th and the G♯ is the raised 7th. As a second, more complex example, a Hungarian minor scale in the key of C would proceed as follows: C D E♭ F♯ G A♭ B.
Its step pattern is w - h - + - h - h - + - h, where w indicates a whole step, h indicates a half step, and + indicates an augmented second, which looks like a minor third on a keyboard but is notationally distinct. It may be seen that the scale contains two augmented seconds,[5] one in each tetrachord.[1]
The scale may be used with minor or m+7 chords.[2][6] See: chord-scale system. Chords that may be derived from the A Hungarian Minor scale are Am, B7♭5, C+, E, F7 and G♯m6.
Chords that may be derived from the C Hungarian Minor scale are Cm, D7♭5, E♭+, G, A♭7 and Bm6.[7]
This scale is obtainable from the Arabic scale by starting from the fourth of that scale. Said another way, the C Hungarian minor scale is equivalent to the G Arabic scale.[7]
In Enix's video game The Illusion of Gaia, the flute melody found in the Inca Ruins uses the C Hungarian minor scale (a ♯4 is used in the second phrase); this music is also quoted in the music of the Larai Cliff stage, transposed to D[citation needed].
Joe Satriani has composed several songs using the Hungarian minor scale, and film composer Danny Elfman has frequently used it in his soundtrack work[citation needed]. Oli Herbert of the American Melodic Metalcore band All That Remains uses the Hungarian minor scale in his playing[citation needed].
The fourth mode of the scale is Phrygian major.[8]
[edit] See also
[edit] Sources
- ^ a b Kahan, Sylvia (2009). In Search of New Scales, p.39. ISBN 9781580463058. Cites Liszt. Des Bohémians, p.301.
- ^ a b c Christiansen, Mike (2000). Guitar Scale Dictionary, p.14. ISBN 9780786652228.
- ^ a b Stetina, Troy (2007). Fretboard Mastery, p.126. ISBN 9780793597895.
- ^ a b c Kent Cleland, Mary Dobrea-Grindahl (2010). Developing Musicianship Through Aural Skills, p.495. ISBN 9780415802444
- ^ a b Carlos Agon, Emmanuel Amiot, Moreno Andreatta, Gérard Assayag, Jean Bresson, John Manderau; eds. (2011). Mathematics and Computation in Music, p.89. ISBN 9783642215896. "'gypsy' (or 'Hungarian minor') scale."
- ^ a b c Christiansen, Mike (2003). Complete Guitar Scale Dictionary, p.16. ISBN 9780786669943.
- ^ a b c d Podolsky, Joshua Craig (2010). Advanced Lead Guitar Concepts, p.111. ISBN 9780786682362. Also "Gypsy scale".
- ^ a b c Hanson, Paul and Stang, Aaron (1996). Shred Guitar, p.114. ISBN 9781576236048.
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