Hungarian parliamentary election, 1994
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Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 8 May 1994, with a second round of voting in 174 of the 176 single member constituencies on 29 May.[1][2] They resulted in the return to power of the Hungarian Socialist Party, the former Communist party, under the leadership of Gyula Horn, who became Prime Minister. The Socialist achieved a remarkable revival, winning an overall majority of 209 seats out of 386, up from 33 in 1990. The governing Hungarian Democratic Forum had an extremely bad election, falling from 165 to 38. It was also a disappointment for the principal opposition party of the previous parliament, the Alliance of Free Democrats, which failed to capitalize on the government's unpopularity and lost seats. Poor economic performance, apparent government incompetence and a certain nostalgia for the social security of the communist era appear to be the main reasons for the result, together with significant reform of the Socialists' policies, with commitment to the expansion for the market economy and continued compensation for the victims of communism.
Despite winning an overall majority Horn decided to form a coalition with the Free Democrats, giving him a two-thirds majority. This was partly to assuage public concerns over the return of ex-communists to power, and partly to get his reform package past his own party's left wing.
[edit] Results
| Party | SMCs | MMCs | National seats |
Total seats |
+/– | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | ||||
| Hungarian Socialist Party | 1,689,081 | 31.3 | 149 | 1,781,867 | 33.0 | 53 | 7 | 209 | +176 |
| Alliance of Free Democrats | 1,005,766 | 18.6 | 16 | 1,066,074 | 19.7 | 28 | 25 | 69 | –23 |
| Hungarian Democratic Forum | 649,966 | 12.0 | 5 | 633,957 | 11.7 | 18 | 15 | 38 | –126 |
| Independent Smallholders' Party | 425,482 | 7.9 | 1 | 476,416 | 8.8 | 14 | 11 | 26 | –18 |
| Fidesz | 416,143 | 7.7 | 0 | 379,295 | 7.0 | 7 | 13 | 20 | –1 |
| Christian Democratic People's Party | 397,887 | 7.4 | 3 | 379,573 | 7.0 | 5 | 14 | 22 | +1 |
| Workers' Party | 177,458 | 3.3 | 0 | 172,117 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New |
| Agrarian Alliance | 132,181 | 2.4 | 1 | 113,405 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | –1 |
| Republican Party | 104,289 | 1.9 | 0 | 137,484 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New |
| Hungarian Justice and Life Party | 67,162 | 1.2 | 0 | 85,623 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New |
| Liberal Civic Alliance-Party of Entrepreneurs | 42,951 | 0.8 | 1 | 33,367 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | New |
| Unified Smallholders' Party | 43,234 | 0.8 | 0 | 44,315 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New |
| Hungarian Social Democratic Party | 32,913 | 0.6 | 0 | 51,122 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| National Democratic Alliance | 32,258 | 0.6 | 0 | 28,075 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New |
| ASZ-SZDSZ | 9,280 | 0.2 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | – |
| VP-Fidesz-ASZ-SZDSZ | 6,440 | 0.1 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | – |
| Hungarian Market Party | 5,459 | 0.1 | 0 | 635 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New |
| Conservative Party, Alliance of Farmers and Civilians | 5,241 | 0.1 | 0 | 2,046 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New |
| Green Party of Hungary | 4,766 | 0.1 | 0 | 8,813 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| SZDSZ-KP | 4,664 | 0.1 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | – |
| Compromise Independent Smallholders' Party | 4,386 | 0.1 | 0 | 5,918 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New |
| Gypsy Solidarity Party | 3,282 | 0.1 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | New |
| Green Alternative | 2,638 | 0.1 | 0 | 849 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New |
| Independent Hungarian Democratic Party | 2,366 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Democratic Coalition | 2,117 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | New |
| National Alliance of Hungarian Families | 2,005 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | New |
| Historic Independent Smallholders' Party | 1,792 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | New |
| Party of Entrepreneurs-Fidesz | 1,347 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | – |
| Pensioners' Party | 1,245 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | New |
| Social Democratic Party | 1,197 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | New |
| Democratic Party | 1,150 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | New |
| EKGP-KDNP | 840 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | – |
| Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party | 704 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | New |
| Party of Hungarian Interest | 416 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | New |
| Hungarian Biomedicists' and Life Reformers' Party | 334 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | New |
| Hungarian Mothers' National Party | 265 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | New |
| Electoral Coalition for the Hungarians | 211 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | New |
| Party for Historic Hungary | 203 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | New |
| Hungarian Party of the Unemployed | 190 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | New |
| National Forces' Movement | 188 | 0.0 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | New |
| Independents | 122,190 | 2.3 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | –6 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 78,535 | – | – | 80,198 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Total | 5,480,222 | 100 | 176 | 5,481,149 | 100 | 125 | 85 | 386 | 0 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 7,960,293 | 68.9 | – | 7,960,280 | 68.9 | – | – | – | – |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | |||||||||
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