Scilloideae
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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the Spanish Wikipedia. (December 2009) Click [show] on the right for instructions.
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| Scilloideae | |
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| Hyacinth | |
Scientific classification  |
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| clade: | Angiosperms |
| clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Asparagaceae |
| Subfamily: | Scilloideae |
| Genera | |
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See text. |
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Scilloideae is a subfamily of the monocot family Asparagaceae in the order Asparagales. The Scilloideae are bulbous flowering plants, which have sometimes been placed in a separate family, the Hyacinthaceae.[1] The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, Scilla. Some are popular spring-flowering garden bulbs, such as hyacinth (Hyacinthus), grape hyacinth (Muscari), bluebell (Hyacinthoides) and squill (Scilla). Others are summer- and autumn-flowering, including Galtonia and Eucomis ('pineapple lilies'). Most are native to the Mediterranean climate and neighboring zones in South Africa, the Mediterranean Basin to Central Asia and Burma, and South America.
According to Stevens, there is considerable disagreement as to how genera should be defined in the Scilloideae, with different sources listing from 15 to 45 genera for sub-Saharan Africa. The subfamily thus contains anything between around 40 and 70 genera in up to 1000 species.[2] Pfosser & Speta (1999) are one source of the higher figure.[3] Some genera that were formerly placed within the Scillioideae (as Hyacinthaceae), e.g., Chlorogalum and Camassia, are currently placed in the Agavoideae.[2]
Morphologically the subfamily is characterised by having 6 tepals and 6 stamens with a superior ovary; its members were included in the Liliaceae in many older classification systems, such as the Cronquist system. Other characteristics include rather fleshy mucilaginous leaves arranged in a basal rosette, and the production of poisonous substances (such as bufadienolide), making them inedible.
[edit] Genera
According to Stevens there is "considerable disagreement over generic limits in Scilloideae".[2] Unless otherwise noted, the list below is based on genera accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as in the family Asparagaceae (with synonyms from the same source),[4] with assignments to the subfamily Scilloideae based on the Germplasm Resources Information Network.[5]
- Albuca L. (sometimes included in Ornithogalum[5])
- Alrawia (Wendelbo) Perss. & Wendelbo
- Barnardia Lindl.
- Bellevalia Lapeyr. (including Strangweja Bertol.)
- Bowiea Harv. ex Hook.f. (Climbing Onion, Sea Onion)
- Brimeura Salisb.
- Chionodoxa Boiss. (included in Scilla L. by some sources)
- × Chionoscilla J.Allen ex G.Nicholson (included in Scilla L. by some sources)
- Daubenya Lindl. (including Amphisiphon W.F.Barker, Androsiphon Schltr.)
- Dipcadi Medik. (sometimes included in Ornithogalum[5])
- Drimia Jacq. (including Litanthus Harv., Rhadamanthus Salisb., Rhodocodon Baker, Sypharissa Salisb., Tenicroa Raf., Thuranthos C.H.Wright, Urginea Steinh., Urgineopsis Compton)
- Drimiopsis Lindl. & Paxton (sometimes included in Ledebouria[5])
- Eucomis L'Hér.
- Galtonia Decne. (included in Ornithogalum L. by some sources)
- Hyacinthella Schur
- Hyacinthoides Heist. ex Fabr. (including Endymion Dumort.)
- Hyacinthus Tourn. ex L.
- Lachenalia Jacq. ex Murray (including Brachyscypha Baker, Periboea Kunth, Polyxena Kunth)
- Ledebouria Roth (including Resnova van der Merwe[5])
- Massonia Thunb. ex Houtt. (including Neobakeria Schltr., Whiteheadia Harv.)
- Merwilla Speta
- Muscari Mill. (including Botryanthus Kunth, Leopoldia Parl., Muscarimia Kostel., Pseudomuscari Garbari & Greuter)
- Ornithogalum L. (including Battandiera Maire, Elsiea F.M.Leight., Neopatersonia Schonl.)
- Oziroe Raf. (including Fortunatia J.F.Macbr.)
- Prospero Salisb.
- Pseudogaltonia (Kuntze) Engl. (sometimes included in Ornithogalum[5])
- Pseudoprospero Speta
- Puschkinia Adams
- Schizobasis Baker (sometimes included in Drimia[5])
- Schizocarphus van der Merwe
- Scilla L.
- Spetaea Wetschnig & Pfosser
- Veltheimia Gled.
[edit] References
- ^ Chase, M.W.; Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. (2009), "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 132–136, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x
- ^ a b c Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards), Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Scilloideae, http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#Hyacinthaceae
- ^ Pfosser, Martin; Speta, Franz (1999), "Phylogenetics of Hyacinthaceae Based on Plastid DNA Sequences", Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (Missouri Botanical Garden Press) 86 (4): 852– 875, doi:10.2307/2666172, http://jstor.org/stable/2666172
- ^ WCSP (2011), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/, retrieved 2011-05-25, search for "Asparagaceae"
- ^ a b c d e f g "Query GRIN Taxonomy for Plants". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxfam.pl. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
[edit] External links
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