Hydrogen highway
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A hydrogen highway is a chain of hydrogen-equipped filling stations and other infrastructure along a road or highway which allow hydrogen powered cars to travel. A hydrogen filling infrastructure is generally assumed to be a pre-requisite for mass utilization of hydrogen cars. For instance, William Clay Ford Jr. has stated that infrastructure is one of three factors (also including costs and manufacturability in high volumes) that hold back the marketability of fuel cell cars.[1] (On the flip side, some commentators such as Amory Lovins in Natural Capitalism, argue that such infrastructure may not be necessary). Hence, there are plans and proposals to begin developing hydrogen highways through private and public funds.
The use of hydrogen cars has been proposed as a means to reduce local pollution and carbon emissions because hydrogen fuel cell cars emit clean exhaust. However, as long as the majority of hydrogen continues to be produced by burning fossil fuels, some pollution is emitted by the hydrogen manufacturing process.[1][2]
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[edit] Canada
[edit] British Columbia
In British Columbia, Canada, the BC Hydrogen Highway is planned to link Vancouver and Whistler, host city and alpine venue of the 2010 Winter Olympics. It is targeted for full implementation by the start of the games. Currently seven fueling stations are being planned, located in Victoria, Richmond, Surrey, Vancouver, Squamish, and Whistler. On March 13, 2007, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced funding of almost $200 million Canadian for environmental projects in B.C. including the hydrogen highway. [3]
[edit] Japan
Japan's hydrogen highway is part of the Japan hydrogen fuel cell project. Twelve hydrogen fueling stations have been built in 11 cities in Japan.
[edit]
The Scandinavian Hydrogen Highway Partnership (SHHP) links the three current hydrogen highways HyNor, Hydrogen Link and HyFuture.
[edit] Norway
Hynor- In Norway, is a 7 station hydrogen highway from Oslo to Stavanger is under construction and is expected to be completed by 2009.
[edit] Sweden
Hydrogen Sweden (formerly Hyfuture / SamVäte i Väst) is the development of a hydrogen highway system in the western region of Sweden.[2][3]
[edit] Denmark
The hydrogen link network is a planned 15 station Nordic Transportation Network (NTN) that serves to link Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Germany.
[edit] United States
There are plans and proposals for hydrogen highways in the United States. In August 2008, fuelcelltoday reported that three new hydrogen fueling stations were opening in the U.S., bringing the total to 70 in the country.[4] In April 2009, however, BNET Auto reported that there are currently 65 hydrogen stations in the U.S.[5]
[edit] California
Hydrogen fueling stations began to be built in California by the California Fuel Cell Partnership around 1999 or 2000. However, they were not systematically positioned to form a hydrogen highway.
California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger mentioned having a hydrogen highway in California when he ran for Governor. Upon winning he reaffirmed his position in a State of the State Address on January 6, 2004 by saying:
- I am going to encourage the building of a hydrogen highway to take us to the environmental future... I intend to show the world that economic growth and the environment can coexist. And if you want to see it, then come to California.... Schwarzenegger introduced his "Vision 2010" plan. The main objective was for every citizen in California to have access to hydrogen fuel along the state highways by 2010. The plan includes the construction of 150 to 200 hydrogen stations to be spaced out a maximum of every 20 miles.
On July 21, 2005, Schwarzenegger signed a Senate Bill (SB) 76 to fund the first year of the California Hydrogen Highway project. The bill provided $6.5 million to build the Hydrogen Highway Networkup, known as CaH2Net, with up to three hydrogen fueling stations, as well as allowing leasing or purchase of hydrogen vehicles by the state and requiring development of standards for hydrogen fuel by 2008.[6] Senate Bill (SB) 1505, signed by Governor Schwarzenegger in 2007, put the environmental requirements described in the California Hydrogen Highway Blueprint Plan into statute. In January 2008, the Los Angeles Times reported that three of the hydrogen fueling stations had closed in recognition of the current lack of hydrogen vehicles.[7] In August 2008, however, fuelcelltoday reported that a new hydrogen fueling station would soon open in California.[4]
As of March 2009, according to Greenwire, 24 hydrogen fueling stations are operating in California.[8]
[edit] Florida
On February 18, 2005, Jeb Bush, Governor of Florida, announced proposed legislation (called the Florida Energy Technologies Act) to promote hydrogen technologies in the state. He made this announcement at the ground-breaking of the first fueling station of a proposed hydrogen highway from Orlando to Tampa.[9]
[edit] East Coast
The East Coast Hydrogen SuperHighway or NY Hydrogen H2IWay was planned, as of 2006, to extend from New York City to Albany, and further to upstate NY in order to reach Montreal, as well as especially to the west to Buffalo, along the major New York Thruway with further linking to the Interprovincial Hydrogen Corridor planned between Detroit, Toronto and Montreal.[10].
[edit] See also
- Alternative Fuels Plan
- Hydrogen economy
- Hydrogen station
- Compressed hydrogen tube trailer
- Liquid hydrogen tank truck
[edit] References
- ^ 2006 EFCF paper on hydrogen efficiency
- ^ Hydrogen Sweden
- ^ Hydrogen Sweden West Coast Highway
- ^ a b "Three New Hydrogen Refuelling Stations Open in the USA"
- ^ Motavalli, Jim. "What Happened to the Hydrogen Highway?" BNET Auto, April 28, 2009
- ^ California SB76 Facts
- ^ Bensinger, Ken. "It’s a bumpy ride on the Hydrogen Highway", Los Angeles Times, January 11, 2008, p. C-1
- ^ "Has Schwarzenegger's hydrogen highway gone bust?" Greenwire, March 10, 2009 (subscription required)
- ^ Gov. Bush breaks ground on Florida's 'hydrogen highway'
- ^ 2006 report
[edit] Notes
- ^ Motavalli, Jim (2001). Breaking Gridlock: Moving Towards Transportation That Works. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books. pp. 155–156. ISBN 1-57805-039-1.
- ^ Romm, Joseph. The Hype About Hydrogen, 2nd Edition, 2005, Island Press, ISBN 1-55963-704-8
