Hydromagnesite
| Hydromagnesite | |
|---|---|
 Hydromagnesite balloon in Jewel Cave |
|
| General | |
| Category | Carbonate mineral |
| Chemical formula | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2.4H2O |
| Strunz classification | 05.DA.05 |
| Dana classification | 16b.07.01.01 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Colorless, white |
| Crystal habit | Acicular and as encrustations |
| Crystal system | Monoclinic - Prismatic (pseudo-orthorhombic) |
| Twinning | Polysynthetic lamellar on {100} |
| Cleavage | {010} Perfect, {100} Distinct |
| Fracture | Uneven |
| Tenacity | Brittle |
| Mohs scale hardness | 3.5 |
| Luster | Vitreous, silky, pearly, earthy |
| Streak | White |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent to translucent |
| Specific gravity | 2.16 - 2.2 |
| Optical properties | Biaxial (+) |
| Refractive index | nα = 1.523 nβ = 1.527 nγ = 1.545 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.022 |
| Ultraviolet fluorescence | Fluorescent, short UV=green, long UV=bluish white. |
| References | [1][2][3] |
Hydromagnesite is a hydrated magnesium carbonate mineral with the formula: Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2.4H2O.
It generally occurs associated with the weathering products of magnesium containing minerals such as serpentine or brucite. It occurs as incrustations and vein or fracture fillings in ultramafic rocks and serpentinites. It occurs in hydrothermally altered dolomite and marble. It commonly appears in caves as speleothems and "moonmilk", deposited from water that has seeped through magnesium rich rocks. It is the most common cave carbonate after calcite and aragonite.[1] It thermally decomposes[4], over a temperature range of approximately 220°C to 550°C, releasing water and carbon dioxide leaving a magnesium oxide residue.
It was first described in 1836 for an occurrence in Hoboken, Hudson County, New Jersey.[2]
Stromatolites in an alkaline (pH greater than 9) freshwater lake (Salda Gölü) in southern Turkey are made of hydromagnesite precipitated by diatoms and cyanobacteria.[5] Microbial deposition of hydromagnesite is also reported from playas in British Columbia.[6]
Uses
Its most common industrial use is as a mixture with huntite as a fire retardant[7] additive for polymers. Hydromagnesite decomposes endothermically[8], giving off water and carbon dioxide, leaving a magnesium oxide residue. The initial decomposition begins at about 220 °C making it ideal for use as a filler in polymers and giving it certain advantages over the most commonly used fire retardant, aluminium hydroxide.[9]
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hydromagnesite |
- ^ a b http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/hydromagnesite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy
- ^ a b http://www.webmineral.com/data/Hydromagnesite.shtml Webmineral data
- ^ http://www.mindat.org/show.php?id=1979&ld=1#themap Mindat
- ^ Hollingbery,L.A., Hull,T.R.,"The Thermal Decomposition of Huntite and Hydromagnesite - A Review", Thermochimica Acta 509(2010) Page 1-11 (http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/1139/1/1._The_thermal_decomposition_of_huntite_and_hydromagnesite_-_A_review.pdf)
- ^ Braithwaite, C. and Veysel Zedef, Living hydromagnesite stromatolites from Turkey, Sedimentary Geology, Volume 106, Issues 3-4, November 1996, Page 309, DOI: 10.1016/S0037-0738(96)00073-5
- ^ R. W. Renaut, Recent Mamgnesite-Hydromagnesite sedimesntation in Playa Basins of the Caribou Plateau, http://www.em.gov.bc.ca/DL/GSBPubs/GeoFldWk/1990/279-288-renaut.pdf British Columbia Geologic Survey
- ^ Hollingbery,L.A., Hull,T.R., "The Fire Retardant Behaviour of Huntite and Hydromagnesite - A Review", Polymer Degradation and Stability 95(2010) Page 2213-2225 (http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/1432/1/2._The_fire_retardant_behaviour_of_huntite_and_hydromagnesite_-_A_review.pdf)
- ^ Hollingbery,L.A., Hull,T.R.,"The Thermal Decomposition of Huntite and Hydromagnesite - A Review", Thermochimica Acta 509(2010) Page 1-11 (http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/1139/1/1._The_thermal_decomposition_of_huntite_and_hydromagnesite_-_A_review.pdf)
- ^ Rothon. R., Particulate-Filled Polymer Composites, 2nd Edition, 2003
