Hydroxylammonium nitrate

Hydroxylammonium nitrate
Identifiers
CAS number	13465-08-2
PubChem	26045
ChemSpider	24259 Y
EC number	236-691-2
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILES [NH3+]O.[N+](=O)([O-])[O-]
InChI InChI=1S/NO3.H4NO/c2-1(3)4;1-2/h;2H,1H3/q-1;+1 Y Key: CRJZNQFRBUFHTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/NO3.H4NO/c2-1(3)4;1-2/h;2H,1H3/q-1;+1 Key: CRJZNQFRBUFHTE-UHFFFAOYAP
Properties
Molecular formula	H4N2O4
Molar mass	96.04 g/mol
Solubility in water	Soluble
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS (as 18 % solution)
EU Index	007-028-00-2
EU classification	Explosive (E) Carc. Cat. 3 Toxic (T) Harmful (Xn) Irritant (Xi) Dangerous for the environment (N)
R-phrases	R2, R22, R24, R36/38, R40, R43, R48/22, R50
S-phrases	(S1/2), S26, S36/37, S45, S61
Related compounds
Other anions	Hydroxylammonium sulfate Hydroxylammonium chloride
Other cations	Ammonium nitrate
Related compounds	Hydroxylamine
Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Hydroxylammonium nitrate or hydroxylamine nitrate (HAN) is an energetic chemical with the chemical formula NH₃OHNO₃. It is the salt of hydroxylamine and nitric acid. It is related to ammonium nitrate, but has a higher oxygen content. In its pure form, it is a hygroscopic solid.

Hydroxylammonium nitrate is unstable because of the reducing hydroxylammonium cation and the oxidizing nitrate anion.

It is usually used in aqueous solution. The solution is corrosive and toxic, and may be carcinogenic.

HAN is potentially unstable in presence of a strong oxidizer, such as nitric acid. Presence of trace amounts of metallic salts decreases markedly the stability of HAN solutions, and accidents have been reported (see references below).

HAN is being developed as a potential rocket propellant, both in the solid form as a solid propellant oxidizer, and in the aqueous solution in monopropellant rockets, including the Network Centric Airborne Defense Element boost-phase interceptor being developed by Raytheon. It is typically bonded with glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), or carboxy-terminated polybutadiene (CTPB) and requires preheating to 200-300 °C to decompose. The catalyst is a noble metal, similar to the other monopropellants that use silver or palladium.

HAN is sometimes used in nuclear reprocessing as a plutonium reductant.

Bibliography

• John R. Pembridge et al. (1979). "Kinetics, Mechanism, and Stoicheiometry of the Oxidation of Hydroxylamine by Nitric Acid". JCS Dalton., 1979, 1657-1663.
• Donald G. Harlow et al. (1998). "Technical Report on Hydroxlyamine Nitrate". U.S. Department of Energy. DOE/EH-0555
• Gösta Bengtsson et al. (2002) "The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of hydroxylamine by iron(III)". J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2002, 2548–2552
• A. L. Rheingold, J. T. Cronin, T. B. Brill and F. K. Ross (March 1987). "Structure of hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) and the deuterium homolog". Acta Crystallographica Section C 43 (3): 402–404. doi:10.1107/S0108270187095593.