Hypertensive heart disease includes a number of complications of arterial hypertension or high blood pressure that affect the heart. While there are several definitions of hypertensive heart disease in the medical literature,[1][2] the term is most widely used in the context of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding categories. The ICD10 definition includes heart failure and other cardiac complications of hypertension when a causal relationship between the heart disease and hypertension is stated or implied on the death certificate. According to ICD10, hypertensive heart disease (I11), and its subcategories: hypertensive heart disease with heart failure (I11.0) and hypertensive heart disease without heart failure (I11.9) are distinguished from chronic rheumatic heart diseases (I05-I09), other forms of heart disease (I30-I52) and ischemic heart diseases (I20-I25). However, since high blood pressure is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease, death rates from hypertensive heart disease provide an incomplete measure of the burden of disease due to high blood pressure.
[edit] Symptoms and signs
The symptoms of hypertensive heart disease will depend on whether or not it is accompanied by heart failure. Hypertension itself is usually symptomless. Symptoms of chronic heart failure can include:
[edit] Conditions (potential complications)
[edit] Epidemiology
Disability-adjusted life year for hypertensive heart disease per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004.
[3]
no data
less than 110
110-220
220-330
330-440
440-550
550-660
660-770
770-880
880-990
990-1100
1100-1600
more than 1600
Hypertension or high blood pressure affects at least 1 billion people worldwide..[4] Hypertensive heart disease is only one of several diseases attributable to high blood pressure or hypertension. Other diseases caused by high blood pressure include ischemic heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, aneurysms and kidney disease. Hypertensive heart disease was estimated to be responsible for 1.0 million deaths in 2004 or approximately 1.7% of all deaths globally, and was ranked 13th in the leading global causes of death for all ages. [5] A map of disability-adjusted life years per 100,000 inhabitants due to hypertensive heart disease is shown in the figure.
[edit] Ethnic disparities in hypertensive heart disease
Studies in the USA indicate that a disproportionate number of African Americans have hypertension compared with non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans, and that they suffer a greater burden of hypertensive heart disease.[6] The excess of high blood pressure and its consequences in African Americans may contribute to their shorter life expectancy compared with white Americans.[6]
[edit] References
- ^ Eduardo Alegría-Ezquerra E, González-Juanatey JR, González-Maquedac I. Hypertensive Heart Disease: A Proposed Clinical Classification. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2006;59:398-9. - Vol.59 Núm 04 DOI: 10.1016/S1885-5857(06)60781-0.
- ^ Lip GY, Felmeden DC, Li-Saw-Hee FL, Beevers DG (Oct 2000). "Hypertensive heart disease. A complex syndrome or a hypertensive 'cardiomyopathy'?". Eur Heart J. 21 (20): 1653–65. doi:10.1053/euhj.2000.2339. PMID 11032692.
- ^ "WHO Disease and injury country estimates". World Health Organization. 2009. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates_country/en/index.html. Retrieved Nov. 11, 2009.
- ^ Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J (2005). "Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data". Lancet 365 (9455): 217–23. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17741-1. PMID 15652604.
- ^ World Health Organization (2008). The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update. Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 92-4-156371-0.
- ^ a b Ferdinand KC, Saunders E (January 2006). "Hypertension-related morbidity and mortality in African Americans--why we need to do better". J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 8 (1 Suppl 1): 21–30. PMID 16415637.
[edit] External links
