iWork
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 Numbers, Pages, Keynote and iWork.com on Mac OS X. |
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| Original author(s) | Apple |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) | Apple |
| Initial release | January 11, 2005[1] |
| Stable release | iWork 9.3 / December 4, 2012 |
| Written in | Objective-C, C, JavaScript |
| Operating system | Mac OS X, iOS[2] |
| Platform | Intel, PowerPC,[2] Apple A4 Apple A5(ARM) Apple A6 |
| Size | 1.2 GB[2] |
| Type | Office suite |
| License | Proprietary |
| Website | iWork |
iWork is an office suite of desktop applications created by Apple Inc. for OS X and iOS operating systems. The first version of iWork, iWork '05, was released in 2005. The suite originally bundled Keynote, a presentation program which had previously been sold as a standalone application, and Pages, a combined word processing and page layout application.[1][3] In 2007, Apple released iWork '08, which contained a new spreadsheet application, Numbers.[4] iWork also included access to iWork.com, which came in iWork '09 (released in 6th, January 2009), a beta service that allowed users to upload and share documents online with others, who could download them and give feedback.[4] iWork.com has been replaced by iCloud and device-native applications, rather than web-based applications. iWork integrates with existing applications from Apple's iLife suite through the Media Browser, which allows users to drag and drop music from iTunes, movies from iMovie, and photos from iPhoto and Aperture directly into iWork documents.[1]
Although iWork was billed by Apple as "a successor to AppleWorks",[1] it does not replicate the functionality of AppleWorks's database and drawing tools.[5]
Contents |
History[edit]
The first version of iWork, iWork '05, was announced on January 11, 2005 at the Macworld Conference & Expo and made available on January 22 in the United States and worldwide on January 29. iWork '05 comprised two applications: Keynote 2, a presentation creation program, and Pages, a word processor. iWork '05 was sold for US$79. A 30-day trial was also made available for download on Apple's website.[1]
iWork '06 was released on January 10, 2006 and contained updated versions of both Keynote and Pages. Both programs were released as universal binaries for the first time, allowing them to run natively on both PowerPC processors and the Intel processors used in the new iMac desktop computers and MacBook Pro notebooks which had been announced on the same day as the new iWork suite.[6]
The next version of the suite, iWork '08, was announced and released on August 7, 2007 at a special media event at Apple's campus in Cupertino, California. iWork '08, like previous updates, contained updated versions of Keynote and Pages. A new spreadsheet application, Numbers, was also introduced. Numbers differed from other spreadsheet applications, including Microsoft Excel, in that it allowed users to create documents containing multiple spreadsheets on a flexible canvas using a number of built-in templates.[4]
The most recent version of iWork, iWork '09, was announced on January 6, 2009 and released the same day. It contains updated versions of all three applications in the suite. iWork '09 also includes access to a beta version of the iWork.com service, which allows users to share documents online. Users of iWork '09 can upload a document directly from Pages, Keynote, or Numbers and invite others to view it online. Viewers can write notes and comments in the document, and download a copy in iWork, Microsoft Office, or PDF formats.[7]
On January 27, 2010, Apple announced iWork for iPad, to be available as three separate US $9.99 applications from the App Store.[8]
iWork was also released with the Mac App Store on January 6, 2011 at US $19.99 per application.[9]
Versions[edit]
| iWork Version | Keynote Version | Pages Version | Numbers Version | Required OS | Binary | Release Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| iWork '05 | 2.0 | 1.0 | – | 10.3.6 | PowerPC | January 22, 2005 |
| iWork '06 | 3.0 | 2.0 | – | 10.3.9 | Universal | January 10, 2006 |
| iWork '08 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 10.4.10 | Universal | August 7, 2007 |
| iWork '09 | 5.3 | 4.3 | 2.3 | 10.4.11 (x.0); 10.6.6 (x.1); 10.7.4 (x.2); 10.7.4 (x.3); 10.8 (x.3) | Universal | January 6, 2009 |
| iWork for iOS | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | iOS 5 | March 7, 2012 |
Components[edit]
Common components[edit]
Products in the iWork suite share a number of components, largely as a result of sharing underlying code from the Cocoa and similar shared application programming interfaces (APIs). Among these are the well known universal multilingual spell checker, which can also be found in products like Safari and Mail. Grammar checking, find and replace, style and color pickers are similar examples of design features found throughout the Apple application space.
Moreover, the applications in the iWork suite also share a new model of the document. In most document-based applications there is a particular data type which forms the basis of the application's view of the world, for instance, in word processors the text is the first-class citizen of the application, while in a spreadsheet it is the cells in the table. Other objects, images or charts for instance, are managed by being attached to, or referenced to, the underlying primary data type.
In iWork, all of the applications share a common underlying document format, the "canvas", a generic container type that provides layout and storage mechanisms. Each application then adds its own custom objects and places them on the canvas. Pages, for instance, conventionally opens with a single large text object on the canvas. To the user it appears to be a typical word processor, but they can grab the corner and re-size it as in a page layout application. In Numbers, one initially sees a grid of cells like any other spreadsheet, but the user is free to size it smaller than the canvas, and then add multiple grids, charts or even drawings to the same canvas.
The difference is subtle, as many of these features are also implemented in more traditional programs like Microsoft Excel. However, the difference in UI can be significant. In Excel, for instance, charts are stored as part of a sheet, and can be moved inadvertently through natural user actions. In Numbers, charts are, like everything else, part of the canvas, and changes to the sheet(s) are normally independent.
The iWork model bears some resemblance to the earlier Apple effort, OpenDoc. OpenDoc also used a single underlying document engine, along with a single on-disk format. Unlike iWork, however, OpenDoc also used a single application, in which various editors could be invoked. For instance, one could open a generic document, start a spreadsheet editor, then add a spreadsheet. iWork lacks this level of flexibility in editing terms, but maintains it in layout.
Desktop applications[edit]
Pages[edit]
Pages is a word processing application with page layout features. Besides basic word processing functionality, Pages includes 140 templates designed by Apple that allow users to create various types of documents, including newsletters, invitations, stationery, and résumés, along with a number of education-themed templates (such as reports and outlines) for students and teachers.[1][4]
Along with Keynote and Numbers, Pages integrates with Apple's iLife suite. Using the Media Browser, users can drag and drop movies, photos and music directly into documents within the Pages application.[1] A Full Screen view hides the menubar and toolbars, and an outline mode allows users to quickly create outlines which can easily be rearranged by dragging and dropping, as well as collapsed and expanded. Pages includes support for entering complex equations with MathType 6 and for reference citing using EndNote X2.[7]
The Pages application can open and edit Microsoft Word documents (including DOC and Office Open XML files), rich text format documents, and plain text documents.[10] Pages can also export documents in the DOC, PDF, and ePub formats.[6] However it cannot read or write OpenDocument file formats.
Keynote[edit]
Keynote is an application used to create and play presentations. Its features are comparable to those of Microsoft PowerPoint, though Keynote contains several unique features which differ from similar applications. Keynote, like Pages and Numbers, integrates with the iLife application suite. Users can drag and drop media from iMovie, iTunes, iPhoto and Aperture directly into Keynote presentations using the Media Browser. Keynote contains a number of templates, transitions, and effects. Magic Move allows users to apply simple transitions to automatically animate images and text that are repeated on consecutive slides.[1][4][6][7]
The Keynote Remote application lets users view slides and presenter notes and control Keynote presentations with an iPhone or iPod Touch over a Wi-Fi network.[7]
Keynote supports a number of file formats. By default, presentations are saved as .key files. Keynote can open and edit Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt) files. In addition, presentations can be exported as Microsoft PowerPoint files, QuickTime movies (which are also playable on iPod and iPhone), HTML files, and PDF files. Presentations can also be sent directly to iDVD, iTunes, GarageBand, iWeb,[6] and to YouTube.[4] The Keynote 09 file format is not backward compatible; .key files saved with Keynote '09 can not be opened with earlier versions of Keynote.
Numbers[edit]
Numbers is a spreadsheet application that was added to the iWork suite in 2007 with the release of iWork '08. Numbers, like Microsoft Excel and other spreadsheet applications, lets users organize data into tables, perform calculations with formulas, and create charts and graphs using data entered into the spreadsheet. Numbers, however, differs from other spreadsheet applications in that it allows users to create multiple tables in a single document on a flexible canvas. Many prebuilt templates, including ones designed for personal finance, education, and business use, are included.[4][7]
Numbers 2, the latest release which is included with iWork '09, integrates with other iWork applications. Charts that are pasted into Keynote and Pages are automatically updated across documents when they are changed in Numbers. Additionally, Numbers 2 lets users categorize data in tables by column, which can then be collapsed and summarized.[7]
Web services[edit]
iWork.com[edit]
iWork.com was a free service that enabled users to share iWork '09 documents online directly from within Pages, Keynote and Numbers. Users could click the iWork.com toolbar icon and login using their AppleID to upload a document and invite others to view it online. Viewers could leave comments and notes on the document and download a copy in iWork, Microsoft Office, or PDF formats. Document owners could track comments at the iWork.com website.
Apple announced that after July 31, 2012, users would be no longer able to publish new documents to iWork.com from any iWork application.[11]
With the latest versions of the iWork applications for OS X and iOS, users can now save documents to their iCloud storage.
iOS apps[edit]
On June 7, 2010 while showcasing the new iPhone 4, Apple posted a few screenshots of the device in action and inadvertently showed the possibility of opening an email attachment inside of Keynote, leading some to believe that an iPhone version of the iWork suite would soon be available in the iOS App Store.[12]
On June 28, 2010, several websites reported that in an attempt to sell AppleCare for the iPhone 4, several examples of services offered were given including one that read, "Using iWork for iPhone and other Apple-branded iPhone apps." These sites also report that it was quickly removed.[13][14]
On May 31, 2011, Apple released a press statement that iWork would be available on the iOS app store for the iPhone and iPod Touch.[15][15]
iWork for iCloud[edit]
During the 2013 Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) keynote speech, iWork for iCloud was announced for release at the same time as the next version of the app versions of iWork later in the year. The three apps for both iOS and OS X that form Apple's iWork suite (Pages, Numbers, and Keynote), will be made available on a web interface (named as Pages for iCloud, Numbers for iCloud, and Keynote for iCloud respectively), and accessed via the iCloud website under each users iCloud Apple ID login. They will also sync with the users iOS and OS X versions of the app, should they have them, again via their iCloud Apple ID.
This allows the user to edit and create documents on the web, using one of the supported browsers; currently Safari, Chrome, and Internet Explorer. It also means that Microsoft Windows users now have access to these native –previously only Apple device– document editing tools, via the web interface.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Apple Unveils iWork '05".
- ^ a b c "iWork System Requirements".
- ^ "Apple Unveils Keynote".
- ^ a b c d e f g "Apple Introduces iWork '08".
- ^ "An Introduction to Bento, the Missing Database App iWork Should Have".
- ^ a b c d "Apple Announces iWork '06".
- ^ a b c d e f "Apple Unveils iWork '09".
- ^ "Apple Launches iPad" (Press release). Apple. January 27, 2010. Retrieved 2010-01-27.
- ^ Loyola, Roman. "Apple introduces iWork for iPad". Macworld. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
- ^ "iWork - Open, save, and email Microsoft Office files". Apple. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Apple confirms iWork coming to iPhone 4". Pocket-lint. 2010-06-07. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
- ^ "Apple's Site Again Hints at iWork for iPhone". Mac Rumors. 2010-06-28. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
- ^ "iWork for iPhone". US-IN: FreeiWorkTemplates.com. 2010-06-28. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
- ^ a b "Press Info - Apple iWork Now Available For iPhone & iPod Touch Users". Apple. 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
External links[edit]
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