Ian Hamilton Finlay

Ian Hamilton Finlay
Ian Hamilton Finlay at Little Sparta, 1994
Born	(1925-10-28)28 October 1925 Nassau, Bahamas
Died	27 March 2006(2006-03-27) (aged 80) Edinburgh, Scotland
Nationality	Scottish
Field	poetry, concrete poetry, art, gardens, sculpture, publishing
Works	Five Columns for the Kröller-Müller Little Sparta with Sue Finlay MAN / A PASSERBY Revolutionary Garden in Versailles (not built) Sea Poppy I (with Alistair Cant) Starlit Waters The Little Seamstress (with Richard Demarco) Tree-Shells (with Ian Gardner) UNDA (in Little Sparta, Max Planck Institute Stuttgart and University of California])

Ian Hamilton Finlay, CBE, (28 October 1925 – 27 March 2006) was a Scottish poet, writer, artist and gardener.

Biography

Finlay was born in Nassau, Bahamas, of Scottish parents. He was educated at Dollar Academy, in Clackmannanshire. At the age of 13, with the outbreak of the Second World War, he was evacuated to family in the countryside. In 1942, he joined the British Army.

At the end of the war, Finlay worked as a shepherd, before beginning to write short stories and poems, while living on Rousay, in Orkney. He published books including The Sea Bed and Other Stories (1958) and The Dancers Inherit the Party (1960) (which was included in its entirety in a New Directions annual a few years later), and some of his work was broadcast by the BBC.

In 1963, Finlay published Rapel, his first collection of concrete poetry (poetry in which the layout and typography of the words contributes to its overall effect), and it was as a concrete poet that he first gained wide renown. Much of this work was issued through his own Wild Hawthorn Press. Eventually he began to compose poems to be inscribed into stone, incorporating these sculptures into the natural environment.

This kind of 'poem-object' features in the garden Little Sparta that he and Sue Finlay created together in the Pentland Hills near Edinburgh. The five-acre garden also includes more conventional sculptures and two garden temples.

In December 2004, in a poll conducted by Scotland on Sunday, a panel of fifty artists, gallery directors and arts professionals voted Little Sparta to be the most important work of Scottish art. Second and third were the Glasgow School of Art by Charles Rennie Mackintosh and The Skating Minister. Sir Roy Strong has said of Little Sparta that it is "the only really original garden made in this country since 1945".

The Little Sparta Trust plans to preserve Little Sparta for the nation by raising enough to pay for an ongoing maintenance fund. Ian Appleton, Stephen Bann, Stephen Blackmore, Patrick Eyres, Richard Ingleby, Ian Kennedy, Magnus Linklater, John Leighton, Duncan Macmillan, Victoria Miro, Paul Nesbitt, Jessie Sheeler and Ann Uppington are trustees.

His work is notable for a number of recurring themes: a penchant for classical writers (especially Virgil); a concern with fishing and the sea; an interest in the French Revolution; and a continual revisiting of World War II. His work can be austere, but it is also at times witty, or even darkly whimsical. His use of Nazi imagery led an accusation of neo-Nazi sympathies, and to a court case, which Finlay won. He also came into conflict Strathclyde Regional Council over his liability for rates on a byre in his garden, which the council insisted was being used as commercial premises. Finlay insisted that it was a garden temple.

One of the few gardens outside Scotland to permanently display his work is the Improvement Garden in Stockwood Discovery Centre, Luton, created in collaboration with Sue Finlay, Gary Hincks and Nicholas Sloan.

Finlay was nominated for the Turner Prize in 1985. He was awarded honorary doctorates from Aberdeen University in 1987, Heriot-Watt University in 1993 and the University of Glasgow in 2001, and an honorary and/or visiting professorship from the University of Dundee in 1999. The French Communist Party presented him with a bust of Saint-Just in 1991. He received the Scottish Horticultural Medal from the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society in 2002, and the Scottish Arts Council Creative Scotland Award in 2003. Awarded in the Queen's New Year's Honours list in 2002, Finlay was a CBE.

Finlay was married twice and had two children, Alec and Ailie. He died in Edinburgh.

Collaborators

Finlay's designs were most often built by others. A partial list of collaborators follows, from two sources.

John Andrew Ian Appleton Candida Ballantyne Janet Boulton Gary Breeze Lucius Burckhardt David Button Pamela Campion Alistair Cant Patrick Caulfield Wes Christensen Laurie Clark Thomas A. Clark Peter Coates Martin Cook Ron Costley Kerstin Curwin Simon Cutts Heather Deedman Richard Demarco Jim Downie Stephen Duncalf Harvey Dwight

Howard Eaglestone Julie Farthing Zdenek Felix Martin Fidler Jud Fine Alec Finlay Sue Finlay Malcolm Fraser John Furnival Philip Gallo Ian Gardner Rod Gathercole Robin Gillanders Harry Gilonis Sydney McK. Glen Peter Grant Martyn Greenhalgh Andrew Griffiths Christopher Hall Pip Hall Werner Hannappel Michael Harvey Christopher Haysom

Richard Healy Carl Heideken Volkmar Herre Solveig Hill Gary Hincks Jo Hincks Paul Holman John Dixon Hunt Ralph Irving Nina Ivancic Grahame Jones Stephanie Kedik Peter Knee Andrew Lawson Gwyneth Leech Susan Lesch Kathleen Lindsley Norman Lockhart Catherine Lovegrove J. W. Lucas Peter Lyle

John Borg Manduca Eric Marland Neil McLeish Stuart Mills Gordon Munro Jim Nicholson George Oliver David Paterson Ian Procktor John R. Nash Stephen Raw Antonia Reeve Graham Rich Herbert Rosenthal Carlo Rossi Ivy Sky Rutzky Colin Sackett Annika Sandell Jessie Sheeler Margot Sandeman Marco Schibig

Pia Maria Simig Nicholas Sloan Vic Smeed Jennie Spiers Ann Stevenson Iain Stewart Mark Stewart Annet Stirling Alexander Stoddart Diane Tammes C. Tissiman Karl Torok Andrew Townsend O. Mathias Ungers Caroline Webb Eva Maria Weinmayer Andrew Whittle Cornelia Wieg Gloria Wilson

Printed works

Wild Hawthorn Press Little Sparta Trust Ingleby Gallery National Galleries of Scotland

Victoria Miro Gallery Tate UK Government Art Collection Art Gallery of New South Wales

Sculptures and gardens

Five Columns by Finlay in the Kröller-Müller Museum.

A partial list of Finlay sculptures and gardens. A few photographs are reachable through the external links.

• Little Sparta, (with Sue FInlay), Dunsyre, Lanarkshire, Scotland, 1966

• Canterbury sundial, Canterbury, England, University of Kent, near Rutherford College, 1972

• UNDA wall, Schiff, Windflower, Stuttgart, Germany, Max Planck Institute, 1975

• anteboreum, Yorkshire, England, private garden

• sundial, Liège, Belgium, University of Liège, 1976

• sundial, Bonn, Germany, British Embassy, 1979

• Five Columns for the Kröller-Müller, second title: A Fifth Column for the Kröller-Müller, third title: Corot – Saint-Just, tree-column bases named LYCURGUS, ROUSSEAU, ROBESPIERRE, MICHELET, COROT, Otterlo, Holland, Rijksmuseum Kröller-Müller, 1982

• a basket of lemons, a plough of the Roman sort, two oval plaques, Pistoia, Italy, Villa Celle, 1984

• Vienna, Austria, Schweizergarten, 1985

• Brittany, France, Domain de Kerguehennec, 1986

• Eindhoven, Holland, Van Abbemuseum, 1986

• A Remembrance of Annette, with Nicholas Sloan, Münster, Germany, Uberwasser Cemetery, 1987

• UNDA, with Sue Finlay and Nicholas Sloan, San Diego, California, USA, Stuart Collection, 1987

• Furka Pass, Switzerland, 1987

• Strasbourg, France, Musée d'Art Moderne or Musée des Beaux-Arts, 1988
• Grove of Silence, Vincennes, with Sue Finlay and Nicholas Sloan, Forest of Dean, England, 1988

• Frechen-Bahem, Germany, Haus Bitz, 1988

• Preston, England, Harris Museum and Art Gallery, 1989

• Cologne, Germany, Ungers Private Library, 1990

• bridge columns, Broomielaw, Glasgow, Scotland, 1990

• Ovid wall, Aphrodite herm, tree-plaque, capital, with Nicholas Sloan, Luton, England, Stockwood Park, 1991

• tree-plaque, Hennef, Germany, private garden, 1991

• Lübeck, Germany, Overbeck-Gesellschaft, 1991

• Karlsruhe, Germany, Baden State Library, 1991

• Dudley, England, The Leasowes, 1992

• Six Milestones, The Hague-Zoetermeer, Holland, 1992

• Paris, France, private garden, 1993

• Frankfurt/Main, Germany, Schröder Münchmeyer Hengst & Co, 1994

• stone bench, stone plinth, three plaques. pergola, tree-plaque, others, Grevenbroich, Germany, Schlosspark, 1995

• Foxgloves, with Peter Coates, Durham, UK, Botanical Gardens, 1996
• Shell Research Centre Thornton grounds, Finlay and Pia Simig with or for Latz+Partner, Chester, UK, 1997-
• paving, eight benches, tree plaque, with Peter Coates, Serpentine Gallery, Kensington Gardens, London, UK, 1997
• Fleur de l'Air, with Pia Simig, Peter Coates, Volkmar Herre, Harry Gilonis, John Dixon Hunt, Wild Hawthorn Press, Provence, France, 1997–2003

• Et In Arcadia Ego, with Peter Coates for Stroom, The Hague, Netherlands, 1998 (see Fashion, art, society in Camouflage)

• The Present Order, with Peter Coates, for Barcelona City Council, supported by The British Council, Barcelona, Spain, Park Güell, 1999

• with Peter Coates, Hamburg, Germany, 1999

• benches, with Peter Coates, Erfurt, Germany, Erfurt Federal Labour Court, 1999

• Cythera, with Peter Coates, Lanarkshire, Scotland, Hamilton Palace grounds, 2000

• Six Definitions, Dean Gallery grounds, Edinburgh, Scotland, National Galleries of Scotland, 2001

• Ripple with Peter Coates, Luxembourg, Casino Luxembourg, 2001 or 2002

• with Peter Coates, Neanderthal, Germany, 2002

• with Peter Coates, Carrara, Italy, Carrara International Biennale, 2002

• Basel, Switzerland, with Peter Coates, 2003

• with Peter Coates, St. Gallan, Switzerland, private residence, 2004

• seven Idylls, Dean Gallery allotments, Edinburgh, Scotland, Dean Gallery Allotments Association, 2005

• L'Idylle des Cerises with Pia Maria Simig (with Peter Coates), Ingleby Gallery, Edinburgh, Scotland, preparatory drawings and sculpture, 2005

Books by Finlay

• Finlay, Ian Hamilton (September or October 2004) [1960 Migrant Press, 1961 Wild Hawthorn Press, 1961 Wild Flounder Press, 1969 Fulcrum Press, 1995 or 1996 or 1997 Polygon ISBN 0-7486-6207-3]. In Ken Cockburn & Lilias Fraser (eds.). The Dancers Inherit the Party and Glasgow Beasts, An' a Burd. Polygon in association with Scottish Poetry Library. ISBN 1-904598-13-7. 

Bibliography

• Finlay, Ian Hamilton (September or October 2004) [1960 Migrant Press, 1961 Wild Hawthorn Press, 1961 Wild Flounder Press, 1969 Fulcrum Press, 1995 or 1996 or 1997 Polygon ISBN 0-7486-6207-3]. In Ken Cockburn & Lilias Fraser (eds.). The Dancers Inherit the Party and Glasgow Beasts, An' a Burd. Polygon in association with Scottish Poetry Library. ISBN 1-904598-13-7. 

• Plenel, Edwy (13 May 1989). "Querelle d'artistes sur fond de bicentenaire Les douteuses provocations de M. Finlay" (in French). Le Monde. Retrieved 2006-11-19. 

• Finlay, Ian Hamilton (acquired 1989, completed 27 February 1997, revised March 2004). "Ian Hamilton Finlay papers 1948-1992, Getty Research Institute, Research Library, Accession no. 890144". Retrieved 2006-11-18. 

• Abrioux, Yves (15 December 2006) [1992 MIT Press EAN 9780262011297 or ISBN 0-262-01129-8]. Ian Hamilton Finlay. A Visual Primer (N.e.of 2r.e. ed.). Reaktion Books. ISBN 0-948462-40-X. 

• Hendry, Joy; Alec Finlay (February 1997) [1994 Chapman Publishing ISBN 0-906772-61-3]. Wood Notes Wild: Essays on the Poetry and Art of Ian Hamilton Finlay. Polygon. ISBN 0-7486-6185-9. 

• Finlay, Ian Hamilton (1995). In Zdenek Felix & Pia Simig (eds.). Works in Europe 1972-1995 Werke in Europa. Werner Hannappel (photographer). Cantz Verlag. ISBN 3-89322-749-0. 

• Gillanders, Robin; Alec Finlay, Ian Hamilton Finlay (18 May 1999). Little Sparta: Portrait of a Garden. National Galleries of Scotland. ISBN 0-903598-85-X. 

• Weilacher, Udo (September 1999). "Poetry in Nature Unredeemed - Ian Hamilton Finlay" (interview) in Between Landscape Architecture and Land Art. John Dixon Hunt (Foreword). Birkhauser. ISBN 3-7643-6119-0. 

• Rashwan, Nagy; Ian Hamilton Finlay (December 2001). "The Death of Piety: Ian Hamilton Finlay in conversation with Nagy Rashwan". Jacket (15). ISSN 1440-4737. Retrieved 2006-11-18. 

• Lubbock, Tom (August 2002). In Susan Daniel-McElroy (ed.). Ian Hamilton Finlay: Maritime Works. Tate Gallery Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-9539924-5-4. 

• Tate St. Ives (2002). Ian Hamilton Finlay Maritime Works: Notes for Teachers (PDF). Retrieved 2006-11-11. 

• Finlay, Ian Hamilton (September 2004). In Pia Simig & John Dixon Hunt (eds.). Fleur de l'Air: A Garden in Provence by Ian Hamilton Finlay. Volkmar Herre (photographer). Wild Hawthorn Press. ISBN 0-9548192-1-7. Retrieved 2006-11-11. 

• Sheeler, Jessie (2003). Little Sparta, the Garden of Ian Hamilton Finlay. Andrew Lawson (photographer). Frances Lincoln. ISBN 0-7112-2085-9. Retrieved 2006-11-11. 

• Finlay, Ian Hamilton (2006). "The Lilly Library, Indiana University". Retrieved 2006-11-18. 

• Finlay, Ian Hamilton (2006). "The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO) GB/NNAF/P9981". Retrieved 2006-11-19. 

References

• University of Glasgow (September 2001). "Invitation to the Eleventh Jubilee Celebrations". Retrieved 2006-11-11. 

• BBC News (31 December 2001). "Honours for Scotland". Retrieved 2006-11-10. 

• Scottish Arts Council (2003). "Ian Hamilton Finlay CBE". Archived from the original on 2007-10-08. Retrieved 2006-11-10. 

• Cooke, Rachel (14 August 2005). "Gardener's word". The Observer (Guardian News and Media Limited). Retrieved 2006-11-17. 

• University of Dundee (1 March 2006). "Duncan of Jordanstone Alumni Shine". Retrieved 2006-11-11. 

• "Ian Hamilton Finlay". Times Online (London: Times Newspapers Ltd.). 28 March 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-10. 

• Lubbock, Tom (29 March 2006). "Ian Hamilton Finlay". The Independent (Independent News and Media Limited). Retrieved 2006-11-10. 

• Tate Britain (2006). "Turner Prize History". Retrieved 2006-11-11. 

• Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society (2006). "Awards". Retrieved 2006-11-10. 

External links

• Ian Hamilton Finlay, Wild Hawthorn Press
• Little Sparta Trust
• Jacket #15
• Ingleby Gallery "Ingleby Gallery, Edinburgh. Link to artists page, CV, biography and exhibition information"
• Peter Coates: Collaborations
• http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=120464784733&ref=mf
• Ian Hamilton Finlay papers, 1948-1992, bulk 1967-1992. Getty Research Institute, Research Library. Los Angeles, California. The Ian Hamilton Finlay archive assembled by Simon Cutts, provides a record, through letters, manuscripts and printed pieces, of the work of the Scottish concrete poet, garden designer and controversialist.