Ibrahim Touqan
| Ibrahim Touqan | |
|---|---|
 Portrait |
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| Born | 1905 Nablus, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | May 2, 1941 Jerusalem, British Mandate for Palestine |
| Occupation | Poet and college professor |
| Nationality | Palestinian Arab |
| Period | 1923-1941 |
| Genres | Nationalist |
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Influences
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Ibrahim Abd al-Fattah Touqan (Arabic: إبراهيم طوقان, 1905–May 2, 1941) was a Palestinian nationalist poet whose works rallied Arabs during their revolt against the British. Touqan was born in Nablus, Palestine during Ottoman times.[1] He was the brother of poetess Fadwa Touqan and he tutored and influenced her to write poetry.[2][3] Ibrahim belonged to the prominent Touqan family that governed Nablus for much of the 18th and 19th centuries.
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[edit] Biography
He attended the al-Rashadiyya al-Gharbiyya School in western Nablus for his primary education,[3] then St. George's School in Jerusalem for his secondary education. He continued his studies at the American University in Beirut from 1923 to 1929.[3] After graduating with bachelor's degree in literature, Touqan worked as a professor of Arabic literature at an-Najah National University in Nablus.[1][4] He later worked in two jobs as a professor at the American University in Beirut and a sub-director of the Arabic Programme Section of the Jerusalem Palestine Broadcasting Station.[5]
In 1937, he married Samia Abd al-Hadi, and they had one son, Ja'afar, and one daughter, Urieb.[4] Touqan had stomach problems throughout his life and in 1941 he died at the age of 36 from peptic ulcer in the French Hospital in Jerusalem.[3][4]
[edit] Poetry
Touqan's career as a poet began during his adolescence. He was greatly influenced by his grandfather who wrote zajal, as well as his mother who was fond of "heroic" Arabic literature. After encouragement from his father, Touqan took a great interest in the Qur'an, apparently "reading it through every Ramadan". Touqan published his first poem in 1923 while in Beirut. There he found that the Lebanese press were very encouraging of publishing his works.[3]
Most of his poems dealt with the Arab struggle against the British who had controlled Palestine since 1922 as a mandate.[2][3] His poems gained fame in the Arab world during the 1936-1939 Arab revolt in Palestine.[1] According to author Salma Khadra Jayyusi, Touqan's poetry is marked by "sincerity and emotional veracity. His verse clear and direct, the diction simple and well-chosen, and the phrases powerful and often terse."[3]
Here is an excerpt from one of his notable poems, Mawtini, which he wrote during the Arab revolt:[1]
| “ | The sword and the pen
Not talking nor quarreling Are our symbols Our glory and covenant And a duty to fulfill it Shake us Our honor Is an honorable cause A raised flag O, your beauty In your eminence Victorious over your enemies My homeland My homeland |
” |
The poem is the de facto national anthem of the Palestinian National Authority and in 2003, Iraq adopted the poem as its official national anthem.[6][7][8]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d Poems: Ibrahim Tukan Nablus Municipal Website.
- ^ a b Obituary: Fadwa Tuqan Joffe, Lawrence. The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited 15 December 2003.
- ^ a b c d e f g Jayyusi, Salma Khadra; Christopher Tingley (1997). Trends and Movements in Modern Arabic Poetry. BRILL. pp. 285–287. ISBN 9004049207. http://books.google.com/books?id=FoMeAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA285&lpg=PA285&dq=ibrahim+tuqan.
- ^ a b c Ibrahim Touqan Nablus the Culture.
- ^ Palestinian Personalities - T Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs (PASSIA).
- ^ Iraq: Mawtini (My Homeland) National Anthems.
- ^ Mawtini (My Homeland) (The Palestinian National Anthem 1936-) Ayyad Central.
- ^ National Anthem of Iraq
