Ichthyophiidae
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Asiatic tailed caecilians | |
|---|---|
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| Ichthyophis sp. from the Western Ghats | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Gymnophiona |
| Family: | Ichthyophiidae Taylor, 1968 |
| Genera | |
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Caudacaecilia |
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Ichthyophiidae is the family of Asiatic tailed caecilians or fish caecilians. They are found in south-east Asia.
They are primitive caecilians, lacking many of the derived characters found in the other families. For example, the mouth is not recessed underneath the head, they possess tails, and have numerous scales on their body. However, they have two sets of muscles for closing the jaw, a feature unique to caecilians, but absent in the related family Rhinatrematidae.[1]
They lay their eggs in cavities in moist soil, where they hatch into larvae that seek out streams or underground seepages, before metamorphosing into adults. There is some evidence that the female may protect the eggs until they hatch.[1]
[edit] Taxonomy
Family Ichthyophiidae
- Genus Caudacaecilia
- Caudacaecilia asplenia - Broad-striped Caecilian
- Caudacaecilia larutensis - Larut Hills Caecilian
- Caudacaecilia nigroflava - Kuala Lumpur Caecilian
- Caudacaecilia paucidentula - Kapahiang Caecilian
- Caudacaecilia weberi - Malatgan River Caecilian
- Genus Ichthyophis
- Ichthyophis acuminatus - Elongate-headed Caecilian
- Ichthyophis alfredii
- Ichthyophis atricollaris - Long Bloee Caecilian
- Ichthyophis bannanicus - Banna Caecilian
- Ichthyophis beddomei - Yellow-striped Caecilian
- Ichthyophis bernisi - Indonesian Caecilian
- Ichthyophis biangularis - Angular Caecilian
- Ichthyophis billitonensis - Billiton Island Caecilian
- Ichthyophis daribokensis
- Ichthyophis bombayensis - Bombay Caecilian
- Ichthyophis davidi
- Ichthyophis dulitensis - Mount Dulit Caecilian
- Ichthyophis elongatus - Elongated Caecilian
- Ichthyophis garoensis
- Ichthyophis glandulosus - Basilan Island Caecilian
- Ichthyophis glutinosus - Ceylon Caecilian
- Ichthyophis humphreyi - Humphrey's Caecilian
- Ichthyophis husaini - Husain's Caecilian
- Ichthyophis hypocyaneus - Bantam Caecilian
- Ichthyophis javanicus - Javan Caecilian
- Ichthyophis khumhzi
- Ichthyophis kodaguensis - Kodagu Striped Caecilian
- Ichthyophis kohtaoensis - Koa Tao Island Caecilian
- Ichthyophis laosensis - Upper Laos Caecilian
- Ichthyophis longicephalus - Long-headed Caecilian
- Ichthyophis malabarensis - Malabar Caecilian
- Ichthyophis mindanaoensis - Mindanao Island Caecilian
- Ichthyophis monochrous - Western Borneo Caecilian
- Ichthyophis moustakius
- Ichthyophis orthoplicatus - Pattipola Caecilian
- Ichthyophis paucisulcus - Siantar Caecilian
- Ichthyophis peninsularis
- Ichthyophis pseudangularis - Taylor's Caecilian
- Ichthyophis sendenyu
- Ichthyophis sikkimensis - Sikkimese Caecilian
- Ichthyophis singaporensis - Singapore Caecilian
- Ichthyophis subterrestris
- Ichthyophis sumatranus - Sumatran Caecilian
- Ichthyophis supachaii - Supachai's Caecilian
- Ichthyophis tricolor - Three-coloured Caecilian
- Ichthyophis youngorum - Doi Suthep Caecilian
[edit] References
- ^ a b Nussbaum, Ronald A. (1998). Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G.. ed. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 55. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
- Nussbaum, Ronald A. and Mark Wilkinson (1989). "On the Classification and Phylogeny of Caecilians." Herpetological Monographs, (3), 1-42
- San Mauro, Diego; David J. Gower, Oommen V. Oommen, Mark Wilkinson and Rafael Zardoya (November 2004). "Phylogeny of caecilian amphibians (Gymnophiona) based on complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear RAG1". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33 (2): 413–427. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.05.014. PMID 15336675.
- San Mauro, Diego; Miguel Vences, Marina Alcobendas, Rafael Zardoya and Axel Meyer (May 2005). "Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea" ([dead link] – Scholar search). American Naturalist 165 (5): 590–599. doi:10.1086/429523. PMID 15795855. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AN/journal/issues/v165n5/40546/40546.html.
- San Mauro, Diego; David J. Gower, Tim Massingham, Mark Wilkinson, Rafael Zardoya and James A. Cotton (August 2009). "Experimental design in caecilian systematics: phylogenetic information of mitochondrial genomes and nuclear rag1". Systematic Biology 58 (4): 425–438. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syp043. PMID 20525595. http://sysbio.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/58/4/425.
- Frost, Darrel R. 2004. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 3.0 (22 August 2004). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
- AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. 2004. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. Available: http://amphibiaweb.org/. Retrieved 26 August 2004
