Idem

For other uses, see ID (disambiguation).

Id. (masculine) and Ead. (feminine) (Latin, short for "idem" and "eadem", "the same") are the terms used to denote the previously cited source (compare ibid.). Id. is particularly used in legal citations. They are also used in academic citations where the term replaces the name of a repeated author. Id. is used extensively in Canadian legislation to apply a short description to a section with the same focus as the previous.

Legal example

• United States v. Martinez-Fuerte, 428 U.S. 543, 545 (1976).
• Id. at 547.

Here, the first citation refers to the case of United States v. Martinez-Fuerte. The volume number cited is 428 and the page on which the case begins is 543, and the page number cited to is 545. The "U.S." between the numerical portions of the citation refers to the United States Reports. 1976 refers to the year that the case was published. The second citation references the first citation and automatically incorporates the same reporter and volume number; however, the page number cited is now 547.

Academic example

• Macgillivray, J. A. Minotaur: Sir Arthur Evans and the Archaeology of the Minoan Myth. New York: Hill & Wang, 2000.
• Id. Astral Labyrinth : Archaeology of the Greek Sky. Sutton Pub, 2003.

See also

• Bibliography
• Ibid. (ibidem)
• Supra