States and territories of India

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Indian Ocean Bay of Bengal Andaman Sea Arabian Sea Laccadive Sea Siachen Glacier Andaman and Nicobar Islands Chandigarh Dadra and Nagar Haveli Daman and Diu Delhi Lakshadweep Pondicherry Pondicherry Pondicherry Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan Burma China Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Tajikistan Dadra and Nagar Haveli Daman and Diu Pondicherry Pondicherry Pondicherry Pondicherry Andhra Pradesh Goa Gujarat Jammu and Kashmir Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Pakistan Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Sri Lanka
A clickable map of the 28 states and 7 union territories of India

India is a federal union of states[1] comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. The states and territories are further subdivided into districts and so on.[1]

Contents

List of states and territories

States of India
Name ISO 3166-2 code[2] Population Area
(km2)		 Official
language		 Capital Largest city
(if not capital)		 Population density Literacy Rate(%) Percentage of Urban Population to total Population Sex Ratio
Andhra Pradesh AP 84,665,533 275,045 Telugu, Urdu, English Hyderabad 308 67.66 27.3 992
Arunachal Pradesh AR 1,382,611 83,743 English Itanagar 17 66.95 20.8 920
Assam AS 31,169,272 78,550 Assamese, Bodo (regional), Karbi Dispur Guwahati 397 73.18 12.9 954
Bihar BR 103,804,637 99,200 Hindi, Urdu, Maithili, Magadhi Patna 1102 63.82 10.5 916[3]
Chhattisgarh CT 25,540,196 135,194 Chattisgarhi, Hindi Raipur 189 71.04 20.1 991
Goa GA 1,457,723 3,702 Konkani Panaji Vasco da Gama 394 87.40 62.2 968
Gujarat GJ 60,383,628 196,024 Gujarati Gandhinagar Ahmedabad 308 79.31 37.4 918
Haryana HR 25,353,081 44,212 Hindi, Haryanvi (regional) Chandigarh
(shared, Union Territory)		 Faridabad 573 76.64 28.9 877
Himachal Pradesh HP 6,856,509 55,673 Hindi Shimla 123 83.78 9.8 920
Jammu and Kashmir JK 12,548,926 222,236 Urdu,[4] Kashmiri, Dogri Srinagar (summer)
Jammu (winter)		 124 68.74 24.8 883
Jharkhand JH 32,966,238 74,677 Hindi Ranchi Jamshedpur 414 67.63 22.2 947
Karnataka KA 61,130,704 191,791 Kannada Bangalore 319 75.60 34.0 968
Kerala KL 33,387,677 38,863 Malayalam, English Thiruvananthapuram Ernakulam 859 93.91 26.0 1,084
Madhya Pradesh MP 72,597,565 308,252 Hindi Bhopal Indore 236 70.63 26.5 930
Maharashtra MH 112,372,972 307,713 Marathi Mumbai 365 82.91 42.4 925
Manipur MN 2,721,756 22,347 Manipuri Imphal 122 79.85 25.1 987
Meghalaya ML 2,964,007 22,720 Khasi, Pnar, Garo, Hindi, English Shillong 132 75.48 19.6 986
Mizoram MZ 1,091,014 21,081 Mizo Aizawl 52 91.58 49.6 975
Nagaland NL 1,980,602 16,579 English Kohima Dimapur 119 80.11 17.2 931
Odisha [5] OR 41,947,358 155,820 Oriya Bhubaneswar 269 73.45 15.0 978
Punjab PB 27,704,236 50,362 Punjabi, Hindi Chandigarh
(shared, Union Territory)		 Ludhiana 550 76.68 33.9 893
Rajasthan RJ 68,621,012 342,269 Hindi Jaipur 201 67.06 23.4 926
Sikkim SK 607,688 7,096 Nepali, Bhutia, Lepcha, Limbu, Newari, Kulung,[citation needed] Gurung, Manggar, Sherpa, Tamang, Sunwar Gangtok 86 82.20 11.1 889
Tamil Nadu TN 72,138,958 130,058 Tamil Chennai 480 80.33 44.0 995
Tripura TR 3,671,032 10,491.69 Bengali, Tripuri Agartala 350 87.75 17.1 961
Uttar Pradesh UP 199,581,477 243,286 Hindi, Urdu[6] Lucknow Kanpur 828 69.72 20.8 908
Uttarakhand UT 10,116,752 53,566 Hindi, Sanskrit Dehradun (interim) 189 79.63 25.7 963
West Bengal WB 91,347,736 88,752 Bengali, English Kolkata 1,029 77.08 28.0 947
Union Territories
Name ISO 3166-2 code[2] Population Official
language		 Capital Largest city No. of Villages No. of Towns Population density Literacy Rate(%) Percentage of Urban Population to total Population Sex Ratio
Andaman and Nicobar Islands AN 379,944 Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, English Port Blair 547 3 46 86.27 32.6 878
Chandigarh CH 1,054,686 Hindi, English, Punjabi Chandigarh 24 1 9,252 86.43 89.8 818
Dadra and Nagar Haveli DN 342,853 Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati, English Silvassa 70 2 698 77.65 22.9 775
Daman and Diu DD 242,911 Marathi, Gujarati, English, Hindi Daman 23 2 2169 87.07 36.2 618
Lakshadweep LD 64,429 Malayalam, English Kavaratti Andrott 24 3 2013 92.28 44.5 946
National Capital Territory of Delhi DL 16,753,235 — Delhi 165 62 11,297 86.34 93.2 866
Puducherry PY 1,244,464 French, Tamil, Telugu (regional), Malayalam (regional) Pondicherry 92 6 2,598 86.55 66.6 1,038

Responsibilities and authorities

The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any State between the Union and that State. "Article 73 broadly stated, provides that the executive power of the Union shall extend to the matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws. Article 162 similarly provides that the executive power of a State shall extend to the matters with respect to which the Legislature of a State has power to make laws. The Supreme Court has reiterated this position when it ruled in the Ramanaiah case that the executive power of the Union or of the State broadly speaking, is coextensive and coterminous with its respective legislative power." (italics in original)[7]

[icon] This section requires expansion. (January 2010)

History

States and
union territories
of India
ordered by
Flag of India.svg
Population
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GDP
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Literacy rate
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Pre-1956

The subcontinent of India has been ruled by many different ethnic groups throughout its history, each imposing their own administrative divisions on the region.[8][9][full citation needed] During the British Raj, the original administrative structure was mostly kept, and India was divided into provinces that were directly governed by the British and princely states which were nominally controlled by a local prince or raja, although the British held ultimate power over them.

After 1956

The States Reorganization Act of 1956 abolished the British system of provinces and princely states. In its place, new states were drawn based on ethnicity and language.[citation needed]

The former French and Portuguese colonies in India were incorporated into the Republic as the union territories of Puducherry, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Daman and Diu in 1962.[citation needed]

Several new states and union territories have been created out of existing states since 1956. Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960[10] by the Bombay Reorganization Act. Nagaland was made a state on 1 December 1963.[11] The Punjab Reorganization Act of 1966 divided the Punjab along linguistic lines, creating a new Hindi-speaking state of Haryana on 1 November,[12] transferring the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh, and designating Chandigarh, the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana, a union territory.[13]

Statehood was conferred upon Himachal Pradesh[14] on 25 January 1971, Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura[15] on 21 January 1972 the Kingdom of Sikkim joined the Indian Union as a state on 26 April 1975.[16] In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while Goa's northern exclaves of Daman and Diu became a separate union territory.[17]

In 2000 three new states were created; Chhattisgarh (1 November 2000) was created out of eastern Madhya Pradesh,[18] Uttaranchal (9 November 2000), which was renamed Uttarakhand in 2007,[19] was created out of the Hilly regions of northwest Uttar Pradesh,[20] and Jharkhand (15 November 2000) was created out of the southern districts of Bihar.[21]

Proposals

Ahead of the 2009 General Elections in India, all the major parties in Andhra Pradesh supported statehood for Telangana.[dated info][citation needed]

As a result of this unilateral decision by the Government of India, several members of Andhra Pradesh's legislature submitted their resignations to protest the creation of the new state owing to the pressure from the people in their constituencies.[22] As of 11 December, at least 117 legislators and many Members of Parliament had resigned in protest of the Government's decision to carve out a new state of Telangana.[23]

Due to the unexpected turn of events, after the parties which promised support to the Telangana state formation on 7 December 2009 in a unanimous all-party meeting at the State level, presided by CM, Rosaiah, and later the party members of these parties made a U-turn on their support bowing to the pressure from the people in their constituency following the 9 December statement (in support of Telangana state process initiation), the federal government made another statement on 23 December to clarify its intention on the process that it would consult with all groups, political and non-political, before moving forward. It then formed the Justice Sri Krishna committee which has been touring the state consulting with different sections of the society. A report recommending a solution suitable to all constituents is expected to be submitted before 31 December 2010.[24]

In November 2011 Mayawati, the chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, proposed dividing it into four states, Avadh Pradesh, Bundelkhand, Paschim Pradesh, and Purvanchal. On 21 November this movement was backed through a "voice vote" by the state assembly, despite criticism from the opposition and claims that the move was made to gain support for the next state election. It must gain the approval of the federal government, however this may be difficult due to the opposition to the creation of Telangana.[25]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "States and union territories". Retrieved 2007-09-07. 
  2. ^ a b "Code List: 3229". UN/EDIFACT. GEFEG. Retrieved 25 December 2012. 
  3. ^ http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/bihar/Provisional%20Population%20Totals%202011-Bihar.pdf
  4. ^ http://www.mapsofindia.com/events/republic-day/offical-languages-india.html
  5. ^ "Orissa's new name is Odisha". The Times Of India. 24 March 2011. 
  6. ^ http://uplegassembly.nic.in/UPLL.HTML
  7. ^ Territoriality of executive powers of states in India, Balwant Singh Malik, Constitutional Law, 1998.
  8. ^ http://www.indhistory.com/
  9. ^ http://www.indohistory.com/
  10. ^ J.C. Aggarwal and S.P. Agrawal, editors, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future (New Delhi: Concept Publishing, 1995), p89-90
  11. ^ Nagaland History & Geography-Source india.gov.in
  12. ^ The Punjab Reorganization Act 1966
  13. ^ http://www.travelindia-guide.com/maps/state_map.php
  14. ^ Statehood Himachal Pradesh
  15. ^ Snapshot of North Eastern States
  16. ^ Sikkim joins Indian Union
  17. ^ Goa Chronology
  18. ^ http://cg.gov.in/profile/corigin.htm
  19. ^ Chopra, Jasi Kiran (2 January 2007). "Uttaranchal is Uttarakhand, BJP cries foul". TNN. The Time of India. Retrieved 22 January 2013. 
  20. ^ http://uk.gov.in/pages/display/115-about-us
  21. ^ http://www.jharkhand.gov.in/AboutState_fr.html
  22. ^ Press Trust of India (10 December 2009). "60 AP MLAs submit resignation to protest Telangana creation". Business Standard. Retrieved 10 December 2009. 
  23. ^ "Telangana: Shutdown in Andhra Pradesh, 117 legislators quit". Times of India. 11 December 2009. Retrieved 10 December 2009. 
  24. ^ "Srikrishna report by Dec. 31". Deccan Chronicle. 27 October 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2010. 
  25. ^ "India: Uttar Pradesh assembly backs state division". BBC News. 21 November 2011. Retrieved 21 November 2011. 

External links

States and territories of India
States
India
Union Territories
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Articles on first-level administrative divisions of Asian countries

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